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      Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Women's Neurology

      1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
      Neurology
      Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

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          An analysis of neuroscience and psychiatry papers published from 2009 and 2019 outlines opportunities for increasing discovery of sex differences

          Sex differences exist in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, but these have not always been addressed adequately in research. In order to address this, it is necessary to consider how sex is incorporated into the design (e.g. using a balanced design) and into the analyses (e.g. using sex as a covariate) in the published literature. We surveyed papers published in 2009 and 2019 across six journals in neuroscience and psychiatry. In this sample, we find a 30% increase in the percentage of papers reporting studies that included both sexes in 2019 compared with 2009. Despite this increase, in 2019 only 19% of papers in the sample reported using an optimal design for discovery of possible sex differences, and only 5% of the papers reported studies that analysed sex as a discovery variable. We conclude that progress to date has not been sufficient to address the importance of sex differences in research for discovery and therapeutic potential for neurological and psychiatric disease. Sex differences occur in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, and yet research is not always designed optimally to identify these. Here the authors perform a study of how sex was incorporated into the design and analyses of papers published six journals in neuroscience and psychiatry in 2009 compared with 2019.
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            Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal, but not reported NIH funding

            Neuroscience research has historically demonstrated sex bias that favors male over female research subjects, as well as sex omission, which is the lack of reporting sex. Here we analyzed the status of sex bias and omission in neuroscience research published across six different journals in 2017. Regarding sex omission, 16% of articles did not report sex. Regarding sex bias, 52% of neuroscience articles reported using both males and females, albeit only 15% of articles using both males and females reported assessing sex as an experimental variable. Overrepresentation of the sole use of males compared to females persisted (26% versus 5%, respectively). Sex bias and omission differed across research models, but not by reported NIH funding status. Sex omission differed across journals. These findings represent the latest information regarding the complex status of sex in neuroscience research and illustrate the continued need for thoughtful and informed action to enhance scientific discovery.
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              Drug development research in pregnant and lactating women

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Neurology
                Neurology
                Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                0028-3878
                1526-632X
                January 09 2024
                January 09 2024
                : 102
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ]From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (H.F.T.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.C.L., R.B.), and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (S.C.L., R.B.), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Buck Institute for Research on Aging (S.C.L.), Novato, CA; Department of Neurology (J.W.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (M.A.O.N.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA;...
                Article
                10.1212/WNL.0000000000208009
                4a3e136f-81d1-40d2-996f-e026302d8fe1
                © 2024
                History

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