Corni Fructus attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by suppressing 5α-reductase and androgen receptor expression in rats

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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a major cause of abnormal overgrowth of the prostate mainly in the elderly. Corni Fructus has been reported to be effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases because of its strong antioxidant effect, but its efficacy against BPH is not yet known. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Corni Fructus water extract (CF) in testosterone-induced BPH rats.

MATERIALS/METHODS

To induce BPH, rats were intraperitoneal injected with testosterone propionate (TP). Rats in the treatment group were orally administered with CF with TP injection, and finasteride, which is a selective inhibitor of 5α-reductase type 2, was used as a positive control.

RESULTS

Our results showed that the increased prostate weight and histopathological changes in BPH model rats were suppressed by CF treatment. CF, similar to the finasteride-treated group, decreased the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by TP treatment in the serum, and it also reduced 5α-reductase expression and concentration in prostate tissue and serum, respectively. In addition, CF significantly blocked the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), AR co-activators, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in BPH rats, and this blocking was associated with a decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels in serum and prostate tissue.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that CF may weaken the BPH status through the inactivation of at least 5α-reductase and AR activity and may be useful for the clinical treatment of BPH.

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Most cited references 38

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Androgens and estrogens in benign prostatic hyperplasia: past, present and future.

Tristan M Nicholson, William Ricke (2016)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common clinical problems in urology. While the precise molecular etiology remains unclear, sex steroids have been implicated in the development and maintenance of BPH. Sufficient data exists linking androgens and androgen receptor pathways to BPH and use of androgen reducing compounds, such as 5α-reductase inhibitors which block the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, are a component of the standard of care for men with LUTS attributed to an enlarged prostate. However, BPH is a multifactorial disease and not all men respond well to currently available treatments, suggesting factors other than androgens are involved. Testosterone, the primary circulating androgen in men, can also be metabolized via CYP19/aromatase into the potent estrogen, estradiol-17β. The prostate is an estrogen target tissue and estrogens directly and indirectly affect growth and differentiation of prostate. The precise role of endogenous and exogenous estrogens in directly affecting prostate growth and differentiation in the context of BPH is an understudied area. Estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been shown to promote or inhibit prostate proliferation signifying potential roles in BPH. Recent research has demonstrated that estrogen receptor signaling pathways may be important in the development and maintenance of BPH and LUTS; however, new models are needed to genetically dissect estrogen regulated molecular mechanisms involved in BPH. More work is needed to identify estrogens and associated signaling pathways in BPH in order to target BPH with dietary and therapeutic SERMs. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Correlation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and inflammation.

Juliana Laze, Shabnam Momtahen, Amir Kazzazi … (2012)

This review aims to evaluate the available evidence on the role of prostatic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although there is still no evidence of a causal relation, accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to the development of BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Inflammatory infiltrates are frequently observed in prostate tissue specimens from men with BPH and the presence or degree of inflammation has been found to be correlated with prostate volume and weight. The inflammatory injury may contribute to cytokine production by inflammatory cells driving local growth factor production and angiogenesis in the prostatic tissue. This proinflammatory microenvironment is closely related to BPH stromal hyperproliferation and tissue remodeling with a local hypoxia induced by increased oxygen demands by proliferating cells which supports chronic inflammation as a source of oxidative stress leading to tissue injury in infiltrating area. Although the pathogenesis of BPH is not yet fully understood and several mechanisms seem to be involved in the development and progression, recent studies strongly suggest that BPH is an immune inflammatory disease. The T-cell activity and associated autoimmune reaction seem to induce epithelial and stromal cell proliferation. Further understanding of the role of inflammation in BPH and clinical detection of this inflammation will expand the understanding of BPH pathogenesis and its histologic and clinical progression, allow risk stratification for patients presenting with BPH-related LUTS, and suggest novel treatment strategies.

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Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.

Jun Z. Huang, Yiwei Zhang, Lin Xiao dong … (2018)

Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae), known in Chinese as "Shanzhuyu," is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine. It tastes sour and is astringent and slightly warm in nature. Its fruits have long been used to treat kidney deficiency, high blood pressure, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea, menorrhagia, and other diseases in China. The main distribution areas are Shanxi and Gansu.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutr Res Pract

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutr Res Pract

Journal ID (publisher-id): NRP

Title: Nutrition Research and Practice

Publisher: The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition

ISSN (Print): 1976-1457

ISSN (Electronic): 2005-6168

Publication date (Print): October 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 23 July 2018

Volume: 12

Issue: 5

Pages: 378-386

Affiliations

[1 ]Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.

[2 ]Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.

[3 ]Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea.

[4 ]Gurye Sansooyu Farming Association Corporation, Jeonnam 57602, Korea.

[5 ]Gurye-gun Agricultural Center, Jeonnam 57660, Korea.

[6 ]Department of Anatomy, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.

[7 ]Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.

[8 ]Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.

Author notes

Corresponding Author: Yung Hyun Choi, Tel. 82-51-850-7413, Fax. 82-51-853-4036, choiyh@ 123456deu.ac.kr

Author information

Hyun Hwangbo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-1205

Da He Kwon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-7184

Eun Ok Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-4596

Min Yeong Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-8218

Kyu Im Ahn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-4173

Seon Yeong Ji https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8564-8663

Jong Sik Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-4723

Kyung-Il Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-3439

No-Jin Park https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-6662

Bum Hoi Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-7204

Gi-Young Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6878-0790

Su-Hyun Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-5803

Cheol Park https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4906-0410

Ji-Suk Jeong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-7389

Yung Hyun Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-3124

Article

DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.5.378

PMC ID: 6172175

SO-VID: 4a5f628b-8040-4390-ba89-15e0a84277e0

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 05 February 2018

Date revision received : 27 February 2018

Date accepted : 19 June 2018

Funding

Funded by: Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003624;

Award ID: G0090200-09

Funded by: Korea Food Research Institute, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003712;

Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725;

Corni Fructus attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by suppressing 5α-reductase and androgen receptor expression in rats

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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

MATERIALS/METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

Related collections

Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 38

Androgens and estrogens in benign prostatic hyperplasia: past, present and future.

Correlation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and inflammation.

Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.

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