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      Intra-population variation in isotopic niche in herring-eating killer whales off Iceland

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      Marine Ecology Progress Series
      Inter-Research Science Center

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          The ecology of individuals: incidence and implications of individual specialization.

          Most empirical and theoretical studies of resource use and population dynamics treat conspecific individuals as ecologically equivalent. This simplification is only justified if interindividual niche variation is rare, weak, or has a trivial effect on ecological processes. This article reviews the incidence, degree, causes, and implications of individual-level niche variation to challenge these simplifications. Evidence for individual specialization is available for 93 species distributed across a broad range of taxonomic groups. Although few studies have quantified the degree to which individuals are specialized relative to their population, between-individual variation can sometimes comprise the majority of the population's niche width. The degree of individual specialization varies widely among species and among populations, reflecting a diverse array of physiological, behavioral, and ecological mechanisms that can generate intrapopulation variation. Finally, individual specialization has potentially important ecological, evolutionary, and conservation implications. Theory suggests that niche variation facilitates frequency-dependent interactions that can profoundly affect the population's stability, the amount of intraspecific competition, fitness-function shapes, and the population's capacity to diversify and speciate rapidly. Our collection of case studies suggests that individual specialization is a widespread but underappreciated phenomenon that poses many important but unanswered questions.
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            Determination of trophic relationships within a high Arctic marine food web using δ13C and δ15N analysis

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              EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF RESOURCE POLYMORPHISMS IN FISHES, AMPHIBIANS, AND BIRDS

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Marine Ecology Progress Series
                Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
                Inter-Research Science Center
                0171-8630
                1616-1599
                February 03 2017
                February 03 2017
                : 564
                : 199-210
                Article
                10.3354/meps11998
                4a8c136e-f5c5-456d-be2e-06f0eac4c6bb
                © 2017
                History

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