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      Perceived match between own and observed models’ bodies: influence of face, viewpoints, and body size

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          Abstract

          People are generally unable to accurately determine their own body measurements and to translate this knowledge to identifying a model/avatar that best represents their own body. This inability has not only been related to health problems (e.g. anorexia nervosa), but has important practical implications as well (e.g. online retail). Here we aimed to investigate the influence of three basic visual features—face presence, amount of viewpoints, and observed model size—on the perceived match between own and observed models’ bodies and on attitudes towards these models. Models were real-life models (Experiment 1) or avatar models based on participants’ own bodies (Experiment 2). Results in both experiments showed a strong effect of model size, irrespective of participants’ own body measurements. When models were randomly presented one by one, participants gave significantly higher ratings to smaller- compared to bigger-sized models. The reverse was true, however, when participants observed and compared models freely, suggesting that the mode of presentation affected participants’ judgments. Limited evidence was found for an effect of facial presence or amount of viewpoints. These results add evidence to research on visual features affecting the ability to match observed bodies with own body image, which has biological, clinical, and practical implications.

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          The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: translation and validation in university students.

          The aim of this study was to translate into Spanish and to validate the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), completed by 420 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model that best fit the data, both in the total sample and in the male and female subsamples, was the one-factor structure with method effects associated with positively worded items. The results indicated high, positive correlations between self-esteem and the five dimensions of self-concept. The scale showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency and temporal stability over a four-week period. Lastly, gender differences were obtained. These findings support the use of the RSES for the assessment of self-esteem in higher education.
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            Obesity and discrimination - a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

            Research on obesity has shown that stigma often accompanies obesity and impacts many life domains. No previous research has systematically reviewed published literature about the prevalence and the nature of perceived weight discrimination in individuals with obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to fill that gap.
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              Can generic expertise explain special processing for faces?

              Does face recognition involve face-specific cognitive and neural processes ('domain specificity') or do faces only seem special because people have had more experience of individuating them than they have of individuating members of other homogeneous object categories ('the expertise hypothesis')? Here, we summarize new data that test these hypotheses by assessing whether classic face-selective effects - holistic processing, recognition impairments in prosopagnosia and fusiform face area activation - remain face selective in comparison with objects of expertise. We argue that evidence strongly supports domain specificity rather than the expertise hypothesis. We conclude that the crucial social function of face recognition does not reflect merely a general practice phenomenon and that it might be supported by evolved mechanisms (visual or nonvisual) and/or a sensitive period in infancy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lcoster@inf.uc3m.es
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                19 August 2020
                19 August 2020
                2020
                : 10
                : 13991
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.7840.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2168 9183, DEI Interactive Systems Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, , Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, ; Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid Spain
                [2 ]Seddi Labs, Madrid, Spain
                [3 ]GRID grid.28479.30, ISNI 0000 0001 2206 5938, Modeling and Virtual Reality Group, Department of Computer Science, , Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ; Madrid, Spain
                Article
                70856
                10.1038/s41598-020-70856-8
                7438501
                4a8d96d7-98e6-4922-b9fb-a5187482a59e
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 24 April 2020
                : 29 July 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Grant
                Award ID: IJC2018-038347-I
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of Spain Ramón y Cajal Grant
                Award ID: RYC-2014-15421
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Uncategorized
                psychology,human behaviour
                Uncategorized
                psychology, human behaviour

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