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      Formulation and evaluation of baclofen liposome vesicles using lecithin Translated title: Formulación y evaluación de vesículas de liposomas de baclofeno usando lecitina

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The main aim of present study was to prepare and characterize liposomal formulation of baclofen to improve the effectiveness of the topically applied formulation. Method: For the preparation of liposomes, different ratio of lecithin, cholesterol and ethanol were taken but ratio of drug and stearic acid were kept constant and prepared by ethanol injection method. Liposomes were characterized for vesicle size, vesicle shape, entrapment efficiency, in vitro studies, stability studies and in vivo studies. Results: The average particle size of formulated liposome was in the range of 3.98±0.45-4.24±0.65 µm and small unilamellar vesicles with spherical in shape observed. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was 58.67±0.81 %. The maximum % cumulative drug release behaviours were 67.66±5.32 % after 10 h. formulation stored in 4±2 °C temperature shows better stability (64.19±0.26) compared to elevated temperature. Swiss albino mice were used for the in vivo study and exhibit muscle relaxant activity in terms of no. of falls from rota rod apparatus (p value =0.001). Conclusions: Baclofen loaded liposomal formulation have shown skeletal muscle relaxant activity in mice suggesting delivery of baclofen from liposomes in the therapeutic range.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue preparar y caracterizar la formulación liposomal de baclofeno para mejorar la efectividad de la formulación aplicada tópicamente. Método: Para la preparación de liposomas, se tomaron diferentes proporciones de lecitina, colesterol y etanol, pero la proporción de fármaco y ácido esteárico se mantuvo constante y se preparó mediante el método de inyección de etanol. Los liposomas se caracterizaron por tamaño de vesícula, forma de vesícula, eficacia de atrapamiento, estudios in vitro, estudios de estabilidad y estudios in vivo. Resultados: El tamaño promedio de partícula del liposoma formulado estuvo en el rango de 3.98 ± 0,45-4,24 ± 0,65 µm y se observaron pequeñas vesículas unilamelares con forma esférica. La eficiencia de atrapamiento de la formulación optimizada fue de 58,67 ± 0,81%. El % máximo de comportamientos acumulativos de liberación de drogas fue 67,66 ± 5,32% después de 10 h. la formulación almacenada a una temperatura de 4 ± 2 ° C muestra una mejor estabilidad (64,19±0,26) en comparación con la temperatura elevada. Se usaron ratones albinos suizos para el estudio in vivo y exhiben actividad relajante muscular en términos de no. de caídas del aparato de varilla giratoria (valor p = 0,001). Conclusiones: la formulación liposomal cargada de baclofeno ha mostrado actividad relajante del músculo esquelético en ratones, lo que sugiere la administración de baclofeno desde los liposomas en el rango terapéutico.

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          Sterically stabilized liposomes: improvements in pharmacokinetics and antitumor therapeutic efficacy.

          The results obtained in this study establish that liposome formulations incorporating a synthetic polyethylene glycol-derivatized phospholipid have a pronounced effect on liposome tissue distribution and can produce a large increase in the pharmacological efficacy of encapsulated antitumor drugs. This effect is substantially greater than that observed previously with conventional liposomes and is associated with a more than 5-fold prolongation of liposome circulation time in blood, a marked decrease in uptake by tissues such as liver and spleen, and a corresponding increased accumulation in implanted tumors. These and other properties described here have expanded considerably the prospects of liposomes as an effective carrier system for a variety of pharmacologically active macromolecules.
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            Trends and developments in liposome drug delivery systems.

            Since the discovery of liposomes or lipid vesicles derived from self-forming enclosed lipid bilayers upon hydration, liposome drug delivery systems have played a significant role in formulation of potent drugs to improve therapeutics. Currently, most of these liposome formulations are designed to reduce toxicity and to some extent increase accumulation at the target site(s) in a number of clinical applications. The current pharmaceutical preparations of liposome-based therapeutics stem from our understanding of lipid-drug interactions and liposome disposition mechanisms including the inhibition of rapid clearance of liposomes by controlling size, charge, and surface hydration. The insight gained from clinical use of liposome drug delivery systems can now be integrated to design liposomes targeted to tissues and cells with or without expression of target recognition molecules on liposome membranes. Enhanced safety and heightened efficacy have been achieved for a wide range of drug classes, including antitumor agents, antivirals, antifungals, antimicrobials, vaccines, and gene therapeutics. Additional refinements of biomembrane sensors and liposome delivery systems that are effective in the presence of other membrane-bound proteins in vivo may permit selective delivery of therapeutic compounds to selected intracellular target areas. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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              Improved pharmacodynamics of timolol maleate from a mucoadhesive niosomal ophthalmic drug delivery system.

              In the present study chitosan (REVTMbio1) or Carbopol (REVTMbio2 and 3) coated niosomal timolol maleate (0.25%) formulations were prepared by reverse phase evaporation (REV) and compared to timolol solution (TMS; 0.25%) in terms of in vitro release and IOP lowering pharmacodynamic effect. The in vitro release phase of timolol (91% release in 2 h) was extended significantly by its incorporation into niosomes and further by the polymer coating (40-43% release upto 10 h). The developed formulations were evaluated for their pharmacodynamics in albino rabbits, by measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) using a non-contact pneumatonometer, and were compared to a marketed in situ gel forming solution of timolol (Timolet GFS, 0.5%; Sun Pharma). REVTMbio1 formulation showed a more sustained effect of upto 8h (vis a vis 6 h for carbopol-coated niosomes). TMS in comparison showed effect for only 2 h though the peak effect was slightly more (14%). Lowering of IOP in the contralateral eye (20-40% as compared to 100% in case of TMS), considerably reduces with REV and REVbio formulations indicating lesser systemic side effects. Moreover, the results of REVTMbio1formulation containing 0.25% of timolol maleate compared well with the 0.5% marketed gel formulation, indicating our formulation to be significantly better considering that similar effect is obtained at half the concentration. The later becomes especially important in context to the cardiovascular side effects associated with ocular timolol maleate therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ars
                Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)
                Ars Pharm
                Universidad de Granada (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                2340-9894
                September 2020
                : 61
                : 3
                : 175-180
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameCT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences orgdiv1Sahpur Campus India
                [1] Punjab orgnamePunjab Technical University orgdiv1Pharmaceutical Sciences India
                Article
                S2340-98942020000300004 S2340-9894(20)06100300004
                10.30827/ars.v61i3.15279
                4a8f2b94-ed1f-4c05-b414-c7d1b2cd46a6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 June 2020
                : 28 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Articles

                etanol,baclofeno,colesterol,Lecitina,Lecithin,actividad relajante muscular,Muscle Relaxant Activity,Ethanol,Cholesterol,Baclofen

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