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      Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on all aspects of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Is Open Access

      Early rising children are more active than late risers

      research-article
      Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
      Dove Medical Press
      physical activity, children, actigraphy, morning light

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          A low level of physical activity impacts mental as well as physical health. This study investigated the daily lifestyle habits that affect physical activity in young children.

          Methods

          The relationship between physical activity, assessed by means of a Mini-Mitter Actiwatch device, and observed daily lifestyle habits was analyzed for 204 children, aged 12 to 40 months (average: 22.6 months), for whom 6-consecutive-day data from both the Actiwatch and sleep log were obtained.

          Results

          An older age, male gender, and early waking time showed significant positive correlations with physical activity level. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these three variables were significant predictors of physical activity.

          Conclusion

          Promoting an early rising time is suggested to be an important element of cultivating good health in young children.

          Most cited references39

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          Obesity

          Excess bodyweight is the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide. 1.1 billion adults and 10% of children are now classified as overweight or obese. Average life expectancy is already diminished; the main adverse consequences are cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and several cancers. The complex pathological processes reflect environmental and genetic interactions, and individuals from disadvantaged communities seem to have greater risks than more affluent individuals partly because of fetal and postnatal imprinting. Obesity, with its array of comorbidities, necessitates careful clinical assessment to identify underlying factors and to allow coherent management. The epidemic reflects progressive secular and age-related decreases in physical activity, together with substantial dietary changes with passive over-consumption of energy despite the neurobiological processes controlling food intake. Effective long-term weight loss depends on permanent changes in dietary quality, energy intake, and activity. Neither the medical management nor the societal preventive challenges are currently being met.
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            Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity.

            C Cotman (2002)
            Extensive research on humans suggests that exercise could have benefits for overall health and cognitive function, particularly in later life. Recent studies using animal models have been directed towards understanding the neurobiological bases of these benefits. It is now clear that voluntary exercise can increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other growth factors, stimulate neurogenesis, increase resistance to brain insult and improve learning and mental performance. Recently, high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis has demonstrated that, in addition to increasing levels of BDNF, exercise mobilizes gene expression profiles that would be predicted to benefit brain plasticity processes. Thus, exercise could provide a simple means to maintain brain function and promote brain plasticity.
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              A human phase-response curve to light.

              Using 'classical' experimental protocols, a human phase-response curve (PRC) to a single 3-h bright light pulse has been established. When the light pulse was centred slightly before the time of body temperature minimum, the circadian system delayed, whilst a pulse slightly after the minimum advanced it. Maximum phase shifts were about 2 h. When light pulses over 3 successive cycles were used, larger shifts (4-7 h) were produced. It is concluded that the human PRC does not differ in principle from that found in other species, except with respect to the light intensity required.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
                Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
                Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
                Dove Medical Press
                1176-6328
                1178-2021
                December 2007
                : 3
                : 6
                : 959-963
                Affiliations
                Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Kita Shakai Hoken Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Jun Kohyama, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo, Kita Shakai Hoken Hospital, 4-17-56, Akabanedai, Tokyo 115-0053, Japan, Tel +81 3 5963 3311, Fax +81 3 5963 6678, Email j-kohyama@ 123456tokyokita-jadecom.jp
                Article
                ndt-3-959
                2656341
                19300634
                4ab1c8fd-660d-4425-9cf2-e1f904f73391
                © 2007 Dove Medical Press Limited. All rights reserved
                History
                Categories
                Original Research

                Neurology
                physical activity,actigraphy,children,morning light
                Neurology
                physical activity, actigraphy, children, morning light

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