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      The new French 2010 Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus causes an RHD-like disease in the Sardinian Cape hare ( Lepus capensis mediterraneus)

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          Abstract

          Lagovirus is an emerging genus of Caliciviridae, which includes the Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) of hares that cause lethal hepatitis. In 2010, a new RHDV related virus (RHDV2) with a unique genetic and antigenic profile and lower virulence was identified in France in rabbits. Here we report the identification of RHDV2 as the cause in Sardinia of several outbreaks of acute hepatitis in rabbits and Cape hare ( Lepus capensis mediterraneus). This is the first account of a lagovirus that causes fatal hepatitis in both rabbits and hares.

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          Validation of the barcoding gene COI for use in forensic genetic species identification.

          Rob Ogden, Roberta G. Carvalho, R McEwing … (2007)
          The application of forensics to wildlife crime investigation routinely involves genetic species identification based on DNA sequence similarity. This work can be hindered by a lack of authenticated reference DNA sequence data resulting in weak matches between evidence and reference samples. The introduction of DNA barcoding has highlighted the expanding use of the mtDNA gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), as a genetic marker for species identification. Here, we assess the COI gene for use in forensic analysis following published human validation guidelines. Validation experiments investigated reproducibility, heteroplasmy, mixed DNA, DNA template concentration, chemical treatments, substrate variation, environmental conditions and thermocycling parameters. Sequence similarity searches using both GenBank BLASTn and BOLD search engines indicated that the COI gene consistently identifies species where authenticated reference sequence data exists. Where misidentification occurred the cause was attributable to either erroneous reference sequences from published data, or lack of primer specificity. Although amplification failure was observed under certain sample treatments, there was no evidence of environmentally induced sequence mutation in those sequences that were generated. A simulated case study compared the performance of COI and cytochrome b mtDNA genes. Findings are discussed in relation to the utility of the COI gene in forensic species identification.
          Article 0 comments Cited 74 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Identification and partial characterisation of a new Lagovirus in Australian wild rabbits.

            T Strive, J.D. Wright, A.J. Robinson (2009)
            Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) is widely used in Australia to control feral rabbit populations. Before RHDV was released on the Australian continent in 1996, antibodies cross-reacting in RHDV specific ELISAs were found in Australian wild rabbits, leading to the hypothesis that a non-pathogenic calicivirus had been circulating in rabbit populations in Australia, potentially providing some level of cross-immunoprotection to RHDV infection. For the detection of this putative virus, a universal lagovirus PCR test was developed to screen a variety of different tissues of wild caught rabbits. We identified a new lagovirus in the intestinal tissues of three apparently healthy young wild rabbits. Quantitative Real Time PCR analysis revealed high concentrations of viral RNA in intestinal tissues and suggests a faecal-oral mode of transmission. Genome organisation and phylogenetic analysis following the sequencing of the entire viral genome revealed a new member of the genus Lagovirus within the family Caliciviridae.
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              Binding of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus to antigens of the ABH histo-blood group family.

              Samuel Blanchard, N Ruvoen-Clouet, J le Quesne … (2000)
              The ability of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus to agglutinate human erythrocytes and to attach to rabbit epithelial cells of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts was shown to depend on the presence of ABH blood group antigens. Indeed, agglutination was inhibited by saliva from secretor individuals but not from nonsecretors, the latter being devoid of H antigen. In addition, erythrocytes of the rare Bombay phenotype, which completely lack ABH antigens, were not agglutinated. Native viral particles from extracts of infected rabbit liver as well as virus-like particles from the recombinant virus capsid protein specifically bound to synthetic A and H type 2 blood group oligosaccharides. Both types of particles could attach to adult rabbit epithelial cells of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. This binding paralleled that of anti-H type 2 blood group reagents and was inhibited by the H type 2-specific lectin UEA-I and polyacrylamide-conjugated H type 2 trisaccharide. Young rabbit tissues were almost devoid of A and H type 2 antigens, and only very weak binding of virus particles could be obtained on these tissues.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Giantonella Puggioni
                Patrizia Cavadini
                Caterina Maestrale
                Rosario Scivoli
                Giuliana Botti
                Ciriaco Ligios
                Ghislaine Le Gall-Reculé
                Antonio Lavazza
                Lorenzo Capucci
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vet Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vet. Res
                Title: Veterinary Research
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Print): 0928-4249
                ISSN (Electronic): 1297-9716
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 October 2013
                Volume: 44
                Issue: 1
                Page: 96
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
                [2 ]Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, OIE Reference Laboratory for RHD, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
                [3 ]Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
                [4 ]European University of Brittany, 5 Boulevard Laennec, 35000 Rennes, France
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1297-9716-44-96
                DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-96
                PMC ID: 3853023
                PubMed ID: 24099575
                SO-VID: 4ac288bd-2587-4002-b103-da55506290e7
                Copyright © Copyright © 2013 Puggioni et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 May 2013
                Date accepted : 26 September 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Short Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine

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