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      Role of microbes in the smectite-to-illite reaction.

      Science (New York, N.Y.)
      Aluminum Silicates, Crystallization, Ferric Compounds, metabolism, Ferrous Compounds, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Minerals, chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Pressure, Shewanella, Silicates, Temperature, X-Ray Diffraction

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          Abstract

          Temperature, pressure, and time have been thought to control the smectite-to-illite (S-I) reaction, an important diagenetic process used for petroleum exploration. We demonstrated that microorganisms can promote the S-I reaction by dissolving smectite through reduction of structural Fe(III) at room temperature and 1 atmosphere within 14 days. This reaction typically requires conditions of 300 degrees to 350 degrees C, 100 megapascals, and 4 to 5 months in the absence of microbial activity. These results challenge the conventional concept of the S-I reaction and of reaction kinetic models.

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