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      Does happiness adapt? A longitudinal study of disability with implications for economists and judges

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      Journal of Public Economics
      Elsevier BV

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          Positive change following trauma and adversity: a review.

          Empirical studies (n = 39) that documented positive change following trauma and adversity (e.g., posttraumatic growth, stress-related growth, perceived benefit, thriving; collectively described as adversarial growth) were reviewed. The review indicated that cognitive appraisal variables (threat, harm, and controllability), problem-focused, acceptance and positive reinterpretation coping, optimism, religion, cognitive processing, and positive affect were consistently associated with adversarial growth. The review revealed inconsistent associations between adversarial growth, sociodemographic variables (gender, age, education, and income), and psychological distress variables (e.g., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder). However, the evidence showed that people who reported and maintained adversarial growth over time were less distressed subsequently. Methodological limitations and recommended future directions in adversarial growth research are discussed, and the implications of adversarial growth for clinical practice are briefly considered.
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            Income and Happiness: Towards a Unified Theory

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              Lottery winners and accident victims: is happiness relative?

              Adaptation level theory suggests that both contrast and habituation will operate to prevent the winning of a fortune from elevating happiness as much as might be expected. Contrast with the peak experience of winning should lessen the impact of ordinary pleasures, while habituation should eventually reduce the value of new pleasures made possible by winning. Study 1 compared a sample of 22 major lottery winners with 22 controls and also with a group of 29 paralyzed accident victims who had been interviewed previously. As predicted, lottery winners were not happier than controls and took significantly less pleasure from a series of mundane events. Study 2 indicated that these effects were not due to preexisting differences between people who buy or do not buy lottery tickets or between interviews that made or did not make the lottery salient. Paraplegics also demonstrated a contrast effect, not by enhancing minor pleasures but by idealizing their past, which did not help their present happiness.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Public Economics
                Journal of Public Economics
                Elsevier BV
                00472727
                June 2008
                June 2008
                : 92
                : 5-6
                : 1061-1077
                Article
                10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.01.002
                4ae48e55-c0b3-444c-8646-e9b439067231
                © 2008

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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