To identify the variables associated with breastfeeding duration.
The health science reference databases of CINAHL, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews.
Meta-analyses, Cochrane reviews, literature reviews, and quantitative and qualitative
studies published in English from 1998 through 2008.
Data included all variables, both positive and negative, that were found to influence
the outcome of breastfeeding duration.
Demographic factors that influence breastfeeding duration are race, age, marital status,
education, socioeconomics, and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants,
and Children status. Biological variables consisted of insufficient milk supply, infant
health problems, maternal obesity, and the physical challenges of breastfeeding, maternal
smoking, parity, and method of delivery. Social variables included paid work, family
support, and professional support. Maternal intention, interest, and confidence in
breastfeeding were psychological variables.
Human lactation is a complex phenomena and the duration of breastfeeding is influenced
by many demographic, physical, social, and psychological variables.