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      Reliability and validity of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index for Japanese hospital nurses

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          Abstract

          Aims

          The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI) for hospital nurses in Japan.

          Design

          A cross‐sectional mail survey.

          Methods

          Participants in this study were 1,219 full‐time ward nurses from 27 hospitals in Japan, using 31 items of the Japanese version of the PES‐NWI questionnaire, from December 2008‐March 2009. Construct validity, criterion‐related validity and internal consistency of the PES‐NWI were tested.

          Results

          The PES‐NWI showed reliable internal consistency. The five‐factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The PES‐NWI correlated significantly with job satisfaction, burnout and the nurses’ intention to stay on the job, supporting criterion‐related validity.

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          Most cited references30

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          Effects of hospital care environment on patient mortality and nurse outcomes.

          The objective of this study was to analyze the net effects of nurse practice environments on nurse and patient outcomes after accounting for nurse staffing and education. Staffing and education have well-documented associations with patient outcomes, but evidence on the effect of care environments on outcomes has been more limited. Data from 10,184 nurses and 232,342 surgical patients in 168 Pennsylvania hospitals were analyzed. Care environments were measured using the practice environment scales of the Nursing Work Index. Outcomes included nurse job satisfaction, burnout, intent to leave, and reports of quality of care, as well as mortality and failure to rescue in patients. Nurses reported more positive job experiences and fewer concerns with care quality, and patients had significantly lower risks of death and failure to rescue in hospitals with better care environments. Care environment elements must be optimized alongside nurse staffing and education to achieve high quality of care.
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            Development of the practice environment scale of the Nursing Work Index.

            Five subscales were derived from the Nursing Work Index (NWI) to measure the hospital nursing practice environment, using 1985-1986 nurse data from 16 magnet hospitals. The NWI comprises organizational characteristics of the original magnet hospitals. The psychometric properties of the subscales and a composite measure were established. All measures were highly reliable at the nurse and hospital levels. Construct validity was supported by higher scores of nurses in magnet versus nonmagnet hospitals. Confirmatory analyses of contemporary data from 11,636 Pennsylvania nurses supported the subscales. The soundness of the new measures is supported by their theoretical and empirical foundations, conceptual integrity, psychometric strength, and generalizability. The measures could be used to study how the practice environment influences nurse and patient outcomes. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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              Global use of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index.

              Although the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index has been endorsed as a gauge of the quality of the nursing practice environment by several organizations in the United States promoting healthcare quality, there is no literature describing its use in different practice settings and countries. The purpose of this study was to inform research by describing the modifications and use of the scale in a variety of practice settings and countries. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the PubMed databases were searched for the years 2002-2010 to identify 37 research reports published since 2002 describing use, modification, and scoring variations in different practice settings and countries. The scale was modified for 10 practice settings in five countries and translated into three languages. Composite scores ranged from 2.48 to 3.17 (on a 1-4 scale). The Staffing and Resource Adequacy subscale most often scored lowest. A new Nursing Information Technology subscale has been developed. New scoring methods to identify the favorability of practice environments are described. Over time, the nature of the research conducted using the measure has changed. Overall, most publications report significant associations between scale scores and multiple nurse, patient, and organizational outcomes. Scale use is growing across different clinical settings and countries. Recommendations for future research use include reducing scale length, using consistent scoring methods, considering the impact of various modifications on the basis of cultural and clinical setting nuances, and using the measure in longitudinal and intervention research designs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                yogata-tky@umin.ac.jp
                Journal
                Nurs Open
                Nurs Open
                10.1002/(ISSN)2054-1058
                NOP2
                Nursing Open
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2054-1058
                18 May 2018
                July 2018
                : 5
                : 3 ( doiID: 10.1002/nop2.2018.5.issue-3 )
                : 362-369
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Gerontological Nursing and Care System Development Graduate School of Health Care Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
                [ 2 ] Graduate School of Nursing Science St. Luke's International University Chuo‐ku Tokyo Japan
                [ 3 ] Department of Adult Nursing School of Nursing The Jikei University Chofu‐shi Japan
                [ 4 ] Faculty of Health Science Aino University Ibaraki‐shi Osaka Japan
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Yasuko Ogata, Department of Gerontological Nursing and Care System Development, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, Japan.

                Email: yogata-tky@ 123456umin.ac.jp

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-6725
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-3065
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-3007
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-2022
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4192-1098
                Article
                NOP2148
                10.1002/nop2.148
                6056431
                30062030
                4b6f3ac8-299f-4814-b39b-1d11e4a46c61
                © 2018 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 April 2017
                : 05 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Pages: 8, Words: 5313
                Funding
                Funded by: Policy‐Based Medical Services Foundation
                Funded by: Univers Foundation
                Funded by: JSPS KAKENHI
                Award ID: JP16H05562
                Award ID: JP16K15866
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                nop2148
                July 2018
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.4.4 mode:remove_FC converted:23.07.2018

                japan,magnet hospital,nursing,pes‐nwi,reliability,validity
                japan, magnet hospital, nursing, pes‐nwi, reliability, validity

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