A study on the bio-applicability of aqueous-dispersed van der Waals 1-D material Nb 2 Se 9  using poloxamer

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Abstract

In this research, dispersion of a new type of one-dimensional inorganic material Nb ₂Se ₉, composed of van der Waals bonds, in aqueous solution for bio-application study were studied. To disperse Nb ₂Se ₉, which exhibits hydrophobic properties in water, experiments were carried out using a block copolymer (poloxamer) as a dispersant. It was confirmed that PPO, the hydrophobic portion of Poloxamer, was adsorbed onto the surface of Nb ₂Se ₉, and PEO, the hydrophilic portion, induced steric hinderance to disperse Nb ₂Se ₉ to a size of 10 nm or less. To confirm the adaptability of muscle cells C2C12 to the dispersed Nb ₂Se ₉ using poloxamer 188 as dispersant, a MTT assay and a live/dead assay were performed, demonstrating improvement in the viability and proliferation of C2C12 cells.

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Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles

Aldenor Santos, Gisele O. da Rocha, Jailson de Andrade (2019)

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are known due to their mutagenic activity. Among them, 2-nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) are considered as two of the most potent mutagens found in atmospheric particles. In the present study 2-NBA, 3-NBA and selected PAHs and Nitro-PAHs were determined in fine particle samples (PM 2.5) collected in a bus station and an outdoor site. The fuel used by buses was a diesel-biodiesel (96:4) blend and light-duty vehicles run with any ethanol-to-gasoline proportion. The concentrations of 2-NBA and 3-NBA were, on average, under 14.8 µg g−1 and 4.39 µg g−1, respectively. In order to access the main sources and formation routes of these compounds, we performed ternary correlations and multivariate statistical analyses. The main sources for the studied compounds in the bus station were diesel/biodiesel exhaust followed by floor resuspension. In the coastal site, vehicular emission, photochemical formation and wood combustion were the main sources for 2-NBA and 3-NBA as well as the other PACs. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were calculated for both places, which presented low values, showing low cancer risk incidence although the ILCR values for the bus station were around 2.5 times higher than the ILCR from the coastal site.

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Graphene transistors.

Frank Schwierz (2010)

Graphene has changed from being the exclusive domain of condensed-matter physicists to being explored by those in the electron-device community. In particular, graphene-based transistors have developed rapidly and are now considered an option for post-silicon electronics. However, many details about the potential performance of graphene transistors in real applications remain unclear. Here I review the properties of graphene that are relevant to electron devices, discuss the trade-offs among these properties and examine their effects on the performance of graphene transistors in both logic and radiofrequency applications. I conclude that the excellent mobility of graphene may not, as is often assumed, be its most compelling feature from a device perspective. Rather, it may be the possibility of making devices with channels that are extremely thin that will allow graphene field-effect transistors to be scaled to shorter channel lengths and higher speeds without encountering the adverse short-channel effects that restrict the performance of existing devices. Outstanding challenges for graphene transistors include opening a sizeable and well-defined bandgap in graphene, making large-area graphene transistors that operate in the current-saturation regime and fabricating graphene nanoribbons with well-defined widths and clean edges.

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Ultrafast graphene photodetector

Fengnian Xia, Thomas F Mueller, Yu-ming Lin … (2009)

Graphene research so far has focused on electronic rather than photonic applications, in spite of its impressive optical properties. These include its ability to absorb approximately 2% of incident light over a broad wavelength range despite being just one atom thick. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast transistor-based photodetectors made from single- and few-layer graphene. The photoresponse does not degrade for optical intensity modulations up to 40 GHz, and further analysis suggests that the intrinsic bandwidth may exceed 500 GHz. The generation and transport of photocarriers in graphene differ fundamentally from those in photodetectors made from conventional semiconductors as a result of the unique photonic and electronic properties of the graphene. This leads to a remarkably high bandwidth, zero source-drain bias and dark current operation, and good internal quantum efficiency.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jung Heon Lee: jhlee7@skku.edu

Hak Ki Yu: hakkiyu@ajou.ac.kr

Jae-Young Choi: jy.choi@skku.edu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 8 January 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 8 January 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 176

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, , Sungkyunkwan University, ; Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea

[2 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), , Sungkyunkwan University, ; Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea

[3 ]GRID grid.39436.3b, ISNI 0000 0001 2323 5732, Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, , Shanghai University, ; Shanghai, 200444 China

[4 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, ; Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea

[5 ]GRID grid.488450.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1790 2596, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, , Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, ; Hwaseong, Republic of Korea

[6 ]GRID grid.251916.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0532 3933, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Systems Research, , Ajou University, ; Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea

Article

Publisher ID: 80730

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80730-2

PMC ID: 7794490

PubMed ID: 33420413

SO-VID: 4b88abf1-7698-4de3-93f9-ea3b1de12a3c

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 19 May 2020

Date accepted : 24 December 2020

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea;

Award ID: 2019R1A2C1006972

Award ID: 2019R1F1A1063170

Award Recipient : Hak Ki Yu Jae-Young Choi

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: synthesis and processing,tissues

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: synthesis and processing, tissues

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