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      A Review of Myiasis in Iran and a New Nosocomial Case from Tehran, Iran

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Due to various climatic conditions in different parts of Iran, presenting of various kinds of human myiasis is expected. Despite of a few case series, most papers related to myiasis are case reports originated from various parts of Iran. This study discusses on different clinical features of myiasis in Iran and description of one case from Tehran as a representative to nosocomial infection in Iran.

          Methods:

          The information needed for this descriptive study was derived mainly from the digital library of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The larvae have been identified with observing on posterior spiracles, spines of their body and anal tubercles.

          Results:

          Total number of reported myiasis cases from Iran is 77 which can be categorized clinically as furuncular, wound, ophthalmic, auricular, nasopharyngeal, oral, intestinal and genitourinary. Based on parasitological features, all myiasis agents in Iran are belonging to Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Oestridae and Syrphidae flies. The case which is reporting in this paper can be mentioned as representative of nosocomial myiasis which it seems to be underreported because of some medicolegal reasons.

          Conclusion:

          Low number of investigations on various aspects of human myiasis, as well as incuriosity to report of the cases in disease reporting system of health minister, made the myiasis as a neglected disease.

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          Most cited references18

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          Myiasis of the tracheostomy wound: case report.

          "Myiasis" is a parasitic infestation of live human or vertebrate animal tissues or cavities caused by dipterous larvae (maggots) which feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body substances or ingested food. They are extremely rare in Western countries, especially in E.N.T. practice, and to the best of our knowledge, only two cases of myiasis in a tracheostomy wound have been reported in the English literature. The case is reported, probably the first, of percutaneous tracheotomy myiasis. It was caused by infestation with larvae of Lucilia Caesar. The patient had undergone Griggs percutaneous tracheostomy 3 years earlier and was in a persistent vegetative state on account of a pontomesencephalic haemorrhage but maintained spontaneous breathing. The condition was treated by applying ether to the tracheotomy wound, which caused spontaneous exit of approximately 30 larvae, easily removed with forceps. The laboratory microbiologist observed and photographed macroscopic and microscopic characters of the larvae, of primary importance for species diagnosis. Predisposing factors could be: 1. smaller dimension of percutaneous tracheostomy in comparison to surgical tracheostomy; 2. vegetative state of patient; 3. poor hygiene of outer and inner tube; 4. bad smell of wound, which attracts flies; 5. living in a rural area. Although this is not a lethal disorder, knowledge of the disease is necessary from the preventive, diagnostic and curative standpoint. It is important to proceed with identification of the larvae, distinguishing them from other types of myiasis involving different therapeutic implications. Ecology, classification, and treatment of myiasis are reviewed.
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            Nosocomial submandibular infections with dipterous fly larvae.

            In September 1998, a case of nosocomial cutaneous myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) in a 77-year-old male was found. The patient had been receiving partial maxillectomy due to the presence of malignant tumor on premaxilla. This is the first verified case involving Lucilia sericata in Taegu, Korea. In the present paper, the salient morphological features of the third instar larvae involved have been studied.
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              Human Urogenital Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Markazi Province of Iran

              We report a case of human urogenital myiasis in an 86-year-old rural man with a penil ulcer and numerous alive and motile larvae from urethra and glans penis. Entomological studies on adult flies showed the larvae were Lucilia sericata and Wohlfahrtia magnifica. The clinical presentation and treatment strategies are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Arthropod Borne Dis
                J Arthropod Borne Dis
                JAD
                JAD
                Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases
                Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                2322-1984
                2322-2271
                December 2014
                09 April 2014
                : 8
                : 2
                : 124-131
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [3 ]Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [4 ]Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [5 ]Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author: Dr Kamran Akbarzadeh E-mail: akbarzadehk@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                jad-8-124
                4478423
                26114125
                4b8d2173-616f-4b32-b5e1-36dd6c599080
                Copyright© Iranian Society of Medical Entomology & Tehran University of Medical Sciences

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

                History
                : 20 February 2013
                : 25 June 2014
                Categories
                Review Article

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                myiasis,diptera,nosocomial,hospital,iran
                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                myiasis, diptera, nosocomial, hospital, iran

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