Efficacy of Low Dose Clofarabine in Refractory Precursor T- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Abstract

Refractory T-lymphoblastic leukemia in adults has a poor prognosis in patients who relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and relatively few new agents have demonstrated activity. Clofarabine is a novel nucleoside analog that has been associated with significant clinical activity in relapsed pediatric B-ALL. We used low dose clofarabine and induced a remission in a patient who relapsed in the skin and marrow after allogeneic transplant and was refractory to nelarabine and report a near complete response, suggesting significant activity for low intermittent dose clofarabine in patients with relapsed T-cell leukemias.

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Most cited references 9

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Outcome of treatment in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: analysis of the LALA-94 trial.

N Fegueux, D. Fiere, Olivier Tournilhac … (2004)

We analyzed the benefits of a risk-adapted postremission strategy in adult lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and re-evaluated stem-cell transplantation (SCT) for high-risk ALL. A total of 922 adult patients entered onto the trial according to risk groups: standard-risk ALL (group 1), high-risk ALL (group 2), Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL (group 3), and CNS-positive ALL (group 4). All received a standard four-drug/4-week induction course. Patients from group 1 who achieved a complete remission (CR) after one course of induction therapy were randomly assigned between intensive and less intensive postremission chemotherapy, whereas those who achieved CR after salvage therapy were then included in group 2. Patients in groups 2, 3, and 4 with an HLA-identical sibling were assigned to allogeneic SCT. In groups 3 and 4, autologous SCT was offered to all other patients, whereas in group 2 they were randomly assigned between chemotherapy and autologous SCT. Overall, 771 patients achieved CR (84%). Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 17.5 months, with 3-year DFS at 37%. In group 1, the 3-year DFS rate was 41%, with no difference between arms of postremission randomization. In groups 2 and 4, the 3-year DFS rates were 38% and 44%, respectively. In group 2, autologous SCT and chemotherapy resulted in comparable median DFS. Patients with an HLA-matched sibling (groups 2 and 4) had improved DFS. Three-year DFS was 24% in group 3. Allogeneic SCT improved DFS in high-risk ALL in the first CR. Autologous SCT did not confer a significant benefit over chemotherapy for high-risk ALL.

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Phase II study of clofarabine in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Sima Jeha, Paul Gaynon, Bassem I Razzouk … (2006)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of clofarabine, a novel deoxyadenosine analog, in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In a phase II, open-label, multicenter study, 61 pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed ALL received clofarabine 52 mg/m2 intravenously over 2 hours daily for 5 days, every 2 to 6 weeks. The median age was 12 years (range, 1 to 20 years), and the median number of prior regimens was three (range, two to six regimens). The response rate was 30%, consisting of seven complete remissions (CR), five CRs without platelet recovery (CRp), and six partial remissions. Remissions were durable enough to allow patients to proceed to hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) after clofarabine. Median CR duration in patients who did not receive HSCT was 6 weeks, with four patients maintaining CR or CRp for 8 weeks or more (8+, 12, 37+, and 48 weeks) on clofarabine therapy alone. The most common adverse events of grade > or = 3 were febrile neutropenia, anorexia, hypotension, and nausea. Clofarabine is active as a single agent in pediatric patients with multiple relapsed or refractory ALL. The toxicity profile is as expected in this heavily pretreated patient population. Studies exploring rational combinations of clofarabine with other agents are ongoing in an effort to maximize clinical benefit.

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Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia.

William Plunkett, Francis J. Giles, Sima Jeha … (2003)

In a phase 2 study, 62 patients with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 31), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 8), chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic phase (CMLBP; n = 11), and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL; n = 12) received 40 mg/m2 clofarabine intravenously over 1 hour daily for 5 days, every 3 to 6 weeks. Twenty patients (32%) achieved complete response (CR), 1 had a partial response (PR), and 9 (15%) achieved CR but without platelet recovery (CRp), for an overall response rate of 48%. In AML, responses were noted in 2 (18%) of 11 patients in first salvage with short first CR (

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Yale J Biol Med

Title: The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine

Publisher: Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine

ISSN (Print): 0044-0086

ISSN (Electronic): 1551-4056

Publication date (Electronic): October 2007

Publication date (Print): December 2006

Volume: 79

Issue: 3-4

Pages: 169-172

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

[b ]Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Author notes

[* ]To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Francine Foss, MD, Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Tel: 203-737-5312; Fax: 203-785-3788; E-mail: francine.foss@ 123456yale.edu .

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PMC ID: 1994805

PubMed ID: 17940627

SO-VID: 4b94fab6-da05-48ea-94bd-7a81167f75a7

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License, which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any digital medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way.

Efficacy of Low Dose Clofarabine in Refractory Precursor T- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Most cited references 9

Outcome of treatment in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: analysis of the LALA-94 trial.

Phase II study of clofarabine in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia.

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