20
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      Prolactin Response to Formalin Is Related to the Acute Nociceptive Response and It Is Attenuated by Combined Application of Different Stressors

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Subcutaneous injection of diluted formalin (0.2 ml of 4% solution/100 g BW) can influence the increase of plasma epinephrine levels in rats exposed to exteroceptive (handling, immobilization), as well as to interoceptive stressors (insulin-induced hypoglycemia), without having any effect on norepinephrine release. In the present studies, the effect of the above-mentioned stressors has been investigated on formalin-induced prolactin (PRL) and corticosterone secretion. Administrations of formalin via chronically implanted subcutaneous cannula into the hind limb without handling induce an immediate increase in both plasma PRL and corticosterone levels. While PRL concentration reaches its peak value within 5 min then returns to the basal level by the end of the 30th min, corticosterone level also starts to rise immediately after formalin administration reaching its highest concentration within 15–30 min, but it remains at this high level during the next 60 min, then it declines and returns to the pre-injection level. Application of formalin to animals exposed to different heterotypic stressors (like handling or insulin-induced hypoglycemia) produces an attenuated PRL response, while plasma corticosterone levels induced by the same nociceptive component remained unchanged. Combinations of formalin injection with immobilization also show an attenuated PRL response. The present data indicate that plasma PRL response to formalin is related to its acute nociceptive phase, and application of different stressors prior to formalin injection significantly attenuate plasma PRL levels, while it does not influence corticosterone responses.

          Related collections

          Most cited references27

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The formalin test: A quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats

          A method for assessing pain and analgesia in rats and cats is described. The procedure involves subcutaneous injection of dilute formalin into the forepaw, after which the animal's responses are rated according to objective behavioral criteria. The formalin test is a statistically valid technique which has two advantages over other pain tests: (1) little or no restraint is necessary, permitting unhindered observation of the complete range of behavioral responses; and (2) the pain stimulus is continuous rather than transient, thus bearing greater resemblance to most clinical pain. The analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and stimulation of the periaqueductal grey matter are evaluated using this test.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Stressor Specificity of Central Neuroendocrine Responses: Implications for Stress-Related Disorders

              K Pacak (2001)
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEN
                Neuroendocrinology
                10.1159/issn.0028-3835
                Neuroendocrinology
                S. Karger AG
                0028-3835
                1423-0194
                2007
                September 2007
                08 June 2007
                : 86
                : 2
                : 69-76
                Affiliations
                aInstitute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, and bInstitute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; cNeuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Laboratory, Department of Human Morphology, and dNeuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
                Article
                103750 Neuroendocrinology 2007;86:69–76
                10.1159/000103750
                17556846
                4bb412c9-156b-4c18-a40c-9591e0082e95
                © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 5, References: 36, Pages: 8
                Categories
                TRH and Prolactin

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Prolactin,Handling,Immobilization,Formalin,Hypoglycemia,Corticosterone

                Comments

                Comment on this article