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      Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis Associated with Kidney Stones: Radiologic Imaging Features with Gross and Histopathological Correlation

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          Abstract

          Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is a rare neoplasm and is usually associated with long standing renal stone disease. This tumor is aggressive in nature and usually has a poor prognosis. We report a case who presented with sudden significant weight loss. During the radiologic investigation, a renal mass and staghorn calculi were detected in the right kidney. The patient subsequently underwent right radical nephrectomy. Pathological diagnosis was SCC of renal pelvis with extensive infiltration in to the renal parenchyma. The radiologic imaging features and histopathologic findings of this rare tumor are discussed in this report.

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          Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter: incidence, symptoms, treatment and outcome.

          Sten Holmäng, Subodh Lele, Sonny L. Johansson (2007)
          Squamous cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter are rare. We report a large series of patients and compare it to patients with urothelial carcinoma. The initial material was comprised of 808 patients with renal pelvis or ureteral cancer. A review of the histopathological material and clinical records was performed. Only 2 (4%) of 65 patients with squamous cell carcinoma had stage pTa/pT1/pT2 tumors compared to 460 (62%) of 743 patients with urothelial carcinoma. Median survival was much shorter for surgically treated patients with squamous cell carcinoma compared to those with urothelial carcinoma (7 vs 50 months). However, there was no significant difference in the disease specific 5-year survival rate between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in the same disease stage. Vascular invasion, microscopic solid tumor pattern and large tumor size had negative prognostic significance in multivariate analyses. Histopathological tumor type (squamous cell carcinoma or urothelial carcinoma) had no prognostic significance. The prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma is poor, but stage for stage the prognosis is not different between patients with urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. It can be presumed that high stage squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma become symptomatic first at a time when the tumors already are large, deeply invasive and most often incurable. New treatment modalities are urgently needed to improve the poor prognosis in patients with advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
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            Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.

            M K Li, Mike Cheung (1987)
            From 1970 to 1985 we treated 144 cases of malignant tumors of the kidney. Of these patients only 11 (8 per cent) had squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis compared to transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in 53 per cent, renal cell carcinoma in 37 per cent and other types in 2 per cent. In all patients the squamous cell carcinoma was associated with chronically infected staghorn renal calculi of long duration. The patients usually presented late with extensive local infiltration, making surgical resection difficult. In addition, poor response to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy resulted in a poor prognosis and short survival. A summary of our cases and a review of the literature are presented.
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              Incidentally Detected Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis in Patients with Staghorn Calculi: Case Series with Review of the Literature

              Ayushi Jain, Deepti Mittal, Arpita Jindal … (2011)
              Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is a rare neoplasm, often unsuspected clinically due to its rarity and ambiguous clinical and radiological features, and hence patients present at advanced stages resulting in poor prognosis. We report here four cases of incidentally diagnosed primary renal squamous cell carcinoma, treated at our hospital over a short span of one year, and review the relevant literature. Mean age of the patients (3 males, 1 female) was 60 years. All suffered from staghorn stones. Interestingly, renal carcinoma was unsuspected clinically in all patients. In one case, a computerised tomography scan showed a suspicious nodule. All underwent nephrectomy for nonfunctioning kidney. In just two cases, tumor was identified on gross examination, while the other two only showed thickened pelvis. Our series emphasises the need for pelvicalyceal biopsy during treatment for long-standing nephrolithiasis, and thorough sampling of the renal pelvis in nephrectomy specimen of such patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Imaging Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Imaging Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCIS
                Title: Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2156-7514
                ISSN (Electronic): 2156-5597
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 March 2013
                Volume: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 14
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Radiology, Government Hospital, Malatya Beydagi, Malatya, Turkey
                [1 ]Department of Pathology, Government Hospital, Malatya Beydagi, Malatya, Turkey
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Ozlem Tugce Kalayci, Department of Radiology, Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. E-mail: doktorozlemtugce@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JCIS-3-14
                DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.109741
                PMC ID: 3690675
                PubMed ID: 23814686
                SO-VID: 4be674f5-5f5e-4a15-ae70-549bbdcb0708
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2013 Kalayci OT
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 19 January 2013
                Date accepted : 26 February 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging

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