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      The impact of area residential property values on self-rated health: A cross-sectional comparative study of Seattle and Paris

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          Abstract

          This study analyzed the impact of area residential property values, an objective measure of socioeconomic status (SES), on self-rated health (SRH) in Seattle, Washington and Paris, France. This study brings forth a valuable comparison of SRH between cities that have contrasting urban forms, population compositions, residential segregation, food systems and transportation modes. The SOS (Seattle Obesity Study) was based on a representative sample of 1394 adult residents of Seattle and King County in the United States. The RECORD Study (Residential Environment and Coronary Heart Disease) was based on 7131 adult residents of Paris and its suburbs in France. Socio-demographics, SRH and body weights were obtained from telephone surveys (SOS) and in-person interviews (RECORD). All home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS 9.3.1 (ESRI, Redlands, CA). Residential property values were obtained from tax records (Seattle) and from real estate sales (Paris). Binary logistic regression models were used to test the associations among demographic and SES variables and SRH. Higher area property values significantly associated with better SRH, adjusting for age, gender, individual education, incomes, and BMI. The associations were significant for both cities. A one-unit increase in body mass index (BMI) was more detrimental to SRH in Seattle than in Paris. In both cities, higher area residential property values were related to a significantly lower obesity risk and better SRH. Ranked residential property values can be useful for health and weight studies, including those involving social inequalities and cross-country comparisons.

          Highlights

          • We studied the impact of area property values on health in Seattle and Paris.

          • Higher area property values associated with better SRH in both cities

          • Ranked area property values can be useful for health and weight studies.

          • BMI was more detrimental to SRH in Seattle than in Paris.

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          Most cited references42

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          Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Behaviors.

          The inverse relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy behaviors such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, and poor nutrition have been well demonstrated empirically but encompass diverse underlying causal mechanisms. These mechanisms have special theoretical importance because disparities in health behaviors, unlike disparities in many other components of health, involve something more than the ability to use income to purchase good health. Based on a review of broad literatures in sociology, economics, and public health, we classify explanations of higher smoking, lower exercise, poorer diet, and excess weight among low-SES persons into nine broad groups that specify related but conceptually distinct mechanisms. The lack of clear support for any one explanation suggests that the literature on SES disparities in health and health behaviors can do more to design studies that better test for the importance of the varied mechanisms.
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            The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem

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              A deprivation index for health planning in Canada.

              Administrative databases in the Canadian health sector do not contain socio-economic information. To facilitate the monitoring of social inequalities for health planning, this study proposes a material and social deprivation index for Canada. After explaining the concept of deprivation, we describe the methodological aspects of the index and apply it to the example of premature mortality (i.e. death before the age of 75). We illustrate variations in deprivation and the links between deprivation and mortality nationwide and in different geographic areas including the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver; other CMAs; average-size cities, referred to as census agglomerations (CAs); small towns and rural communities; and five regions of Canada, namely Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia. Material and social deprivation and their links to mortality vary considerably by geographic area. We comment on the results as well as the limitations of the index and its advantages for health planning.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Prev Med Rep
                Prev Med Rep
                Preventive Medicine Reports
                Elsevier
                2211-3355
                17 May 2016
                December 2016
                17 May 2016
                : 4
                : 68-74
                Affiliations
                [a ]School of Architecture, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
                [b ]Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
                [c ]Urban Form Lab, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
                [d ]the Nutrition Epidemiology Unit, Paris 13 University, Paris, France
                [e ]The Institute of Urbanism of Paris, Paris 12 Val de Marne University, Paris, France
                [f ]Pierre Louis Institute of Efpidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Sutton Hall 3.120, School of Architecture, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.School of ArchitectureThe University of Texas at AustinSutton Hall 3.120AustinTX78712United States jjiao@ 123456austin.utexas.edu
                Article
                S2211-3355(16)30038-9
                10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.008
                4929065
                27413663
                4c222499-09f3-47d3-8c96-71e91db08be2
                © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 29 November 2015
                : 9 April 2016
                : 16 May 2016
                Categories
                Regular Article

                socioeconomic status,health disparities,adult population,bmi

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