104
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Effects of Diode Laser, Gaseous Ozone, and Medical Dressings on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in the Root Canal Ex Vivo

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The objective was to compare the antibacterial effects of adjunctive disinfection using diode laser and gaseous ozone compared to the medical dressings calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2) and chlorhexidine gel (CHX-Gel) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in human root canals ex vivo. Root canals of 180 human extracted teeth were infected by E. faecalis and divided into 3 main groups (G): G1, control; G2, instrumentation and irrigation using 0.9% NaCl; G3, instrumentation and irrigation using 1% NaOCl. In each main group, the following treatments were applied: gaseous ozone, diode laser, and medical dressings of Ca(OH) 2 or CHX-Gel for 7 days ( n = 15). Reduction of colony forming units (CFUs) inside the root canal of planktons and frequencies of adherent bacteria after treatment were calculated. Bacterial reduction was significantly affected by the irrigation protocol ( p < 0.0005) and the disinfection method ( p < 0.0005), and a significant interaction between both factors could be observed ( p < 0.0005; ANOVA). In G3 (instrumentation using 1% NaOCl), no significant effect of disinfection methods could be demonstrated on planktonic bacteria ( p = 0.062; ANOVA) and frequencies of adherent bacteria ( p > 0.05; chi-square test). Instrumentation and irrigation using NaOCl combined with ozone or laser application resulted in comparable bacterial reduction on E. faecalis to the application of medical dressings.

          Related collections

          Most cited references45

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures.

          Apical periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms colonizing the root canal system. For an optimal outcome of the endodontic treatment to be achieved, bacterial populations within the root canal should be ideally eliminated or at least significantly reduced to levels that are compatible with periradicular tissue healing. If bacteria persist after chemomechanical preparation supplemented or not with an intracanal medication, there is an increased risk of adverse outcome of the endodontic treatment. Therefore, bacterial presence in the root canal at the time of filling has been shown to be a risk factor for posttreatment apical periodontitis. About 100 species/phylotypes have already been detected in postinstrumentation and/or postmedication samples, and gram-positive bacteria are the most dominant. However, it remains to be determined by longitudinal studies if any species/phylotypes persisting after treatment procedures can influence outcome. This review article discusses diverse aspects of bacterial persistence after treatment, including the microbiology, bacterial strategies to persist, the requisites for persisting bacteria to affect the outcome, and future directions of research in this field.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: a critical review.

            Literature review The primary function of calcium hydroxide as a routine intracanal medicament is to provide antimicrobial activity. However, the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide are not well known. Physicochemical properties of this substance may limit its effectiveness in disinfecting the entire root canal system. In addition, calcium hydroxide is not effective against all bacterial species found in root canal infections. Association with other medicaments may enhance the efficacy of the intracanal medication in eliminating residual bacteria in the root canal system.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology.

              Calcium hydroxide has been included within several materials and antimicrobial formulations that are used in a number of treatment modalities in endodontics. These include, inter-appointment intracanal medicaments, pulp-capping agents and root canal sealers. Calcium hydroxide formulations are also used during treatment of root perforations, root fractures and root resorption and have a role in dental traumatology, for example, following tooth avulsion and luxation injuries. The purpose of this paper is to review the properties and clinical applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology including its antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, effect on bacterial biofilms, the synergism between calcium hydroxide and other agents, its effects on the properties of dentine, the diffusion of hydroxyl ions through dentine and its toxicity. Pure calcium hydroxide paste has a high pH (approximately 12.5-12.8) and is classified chemically as a strong base. Its main actions are achieved through the ionic dissociation of Ca(2+) and OH(-) ions and their effect on vital tissues, the induction of hard-tissue deposition and the antibacterial properties. The lethal effects of calcium hydroxide on bacterial cells are probably due to protein denaturation and damage to DNA and cytoplasmic membranes. It has a wide range of antimicrobial activity against common endodontic pathogens but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Calcium hydroxide is also an effective anti-endotoxin agent. However, its effect on microbial biofilms is controversial. © 2011 International Endodontic Journal.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomed Res Int
                Biomed Res Int
                BMRI
                BioMed Research International
                Hindawi
                2314-6133
                2314-6141
                2017
                10 April 2017
                : 2017
                : 6321850
                Affiliations
                1Department of Operative Dentistry and Preventive Dentistry, CharitéCentrum 3, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
                2Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, CharitéCentrum 3, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
                3Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, CharitéCentrum 5, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Straße 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
                4Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, CharitéCentrum 4, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
                5Biofilmcenter, German Heart Institute, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
                6Private Practice Mutlangen, Schillerstraße 5, 73557 Mutlangen, Germany
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Evandro Piva

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4458-8331
                Article
                10.1155/2017/6321850
                5439256
                4c40a1b8-49e6-4c15-bf9e-a9f33bd88ca5
                Copyright © 2017 Kerstin Bitter et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 1 January 2017
                : 15 March 2017
                Categories
                Research Article

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content275

                Cited by3

                Most referenced authors557