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      Treatment of Pituitary and Other Tumours with Cabergoline: New Mechanisms and Potential Broader Applications

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          Abstract

          Cabergoline is a dopamine agonist that has been used as the first-line treatment option for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas for several decades. It not only suppresses hormone production from these prolactinomas, but also causes tumour shrinkage. Recent studies revealed some novel mechanisms by which cabergoline suppresses tumour cell proliferation and induces cell death. In this article, we review the most recent findings in cabergoline studies, focusing on its anti-tumour function. These studies suggest the potential broader clinical use of cabergoline in the treatment of other tumours such as breast cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, and lung cancer.

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          Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.

          The aim was to formulate clinical practice guidelines for acromegaly.
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            Dopamine Receptors: From Structure to Function

            The diverse physiological actions of dopamine are mediated by at least five distinct G protein-coupled receptor subtypes. Two D1-like receptor subtypes (D1 and D5) couple to the G protein Gs and activate adenylyl cyclase. The other receptor subtypes belong to the D2-like subfamily (D2, D3, and D4) and are prototypic of G protein-coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and activate K+ channels. The genes for the D1 and D5 receptors are intronless, but pseudogenes of the D5 exist. The D2 and D3 receptors vary in certain tissues and species as a result of alternative splicing, and the human D4 receptor gene exhibits extensive polymorphic variation. In the central nervous system, dopamine receptors are widely expressed because they are involved in the control of locomotion, cognition, emotion, and affect as well as neuroendocrine secretion. In the periphery, dopamine receptors are present more prominently in kidney, vasculature, and pituitary, where they affect mainly sodium homeostasis, vascular tone, and hormone secretion. Numerous genetic linkage analysis studies have failed so far to reveal unequivocal evidence for the involvement of one of these receptors in the etiology of various central nervous system disorders. However, targeted deletion of several of these dopamine receptor genes in mice should provide valuable information about their physiological functions.
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              Medical progress: Acromegaly.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEN
                Neuroendocrinology
                10.1159/issn.0028-3835
                Neuroendocrinology
                S. Karger AG
                0028-3835
                1423-0194
                2020
                May 2020
                10 October 2019
                : 110
                : 6
                : 477-488
                Affiliations
                [_a] aCenter of Pituitary Tumour, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
                [_b] bDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
                [_c] cNeuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
                Author notes
                *Zhe Bao Wu, MD, PhD, Center of Pituitary Tumour, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, 197# Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025 (China), E-Mail zhebaowu@aliyun.com, , Xun Zhang, PhD, Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA), E-Mail xzhang5@mgh.harvard.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-8228
                Article
                504000 Neuroendocrinology 2020;110:477–488
                10.1159/000504000
                31597135
                4c4acb35-d67d-411a-b247-8a23daefd0a0
                © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 19 July 2019
                : 09 October 2019
                Page count
                Tables: 3, Pages: 12
                Categories
                At the Cutting Edge

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Resistance mechanism,Pituitary adenomas,Cabergoline,Prolactinoma

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