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      Localization of collagen modifying enzymes on fibroblastic reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells in non-neoplastic and neoplastic lymphoid tissues

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to evaluate the localization of collagen modifying enzymes (CMEs) on fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in non-neoplastic lymphoid tissues and various malignant lymphomas. The expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase 1 (P4H1), lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was frequently observed on FRCs and FDCs in the germinal center (GC), except for the mantle zone. The expression of CMEs was lower in most lymphomas than in their respective postulated normal counterparts. The ratio of transglutaminase II + FRCs/CD35 + FDCs was also lower in follicular lymphomas (FL) than in other lymphomas. The mRNAs of some CMEs (P4H1, prolyl 4-hydroxylase 3, LH3, and heat shock protein 47) were confirmed in almost all lymphomas. These results indicate that lymphoma cell proliferation suppresses/decreases the number of CMEs expressing FRCs and FDCs in most lymphomas.

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          Most cited references36

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          Transcriptional profiling of stroma from inflamed and resting lymph nodes defines immunological hallmarks

          Lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) closely regulate immunity and self-tolerance, yet key aspects of their biology remain poorly illuminated. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of murine LNSC subsets revealed expression of important immune mediators, growth factors, and novel structural components. Pairwise analyses of ligands and cognate receptors across hematopoietic and stromal subsets suggested a complex web of cross-talk. Compared with skin and thymic fibroblasts, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) were enriched in genes relevant to cytokine signaling. LNSCs from inflamed lymph nodes upregulated acute phase response genes, chemokines, and antigen presentation genes. Poorly studied podoplanin−CD31− LNSCs showed similarities to FRCs, but lacked IL-7 expression, and were identified as myofibroblastic integrin α7+ pericytes. Together these data comprehensively describe the transcriptional characteristics of LNSC subsets.
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            Stromal cell contributions to the homeostasis and functionality of the immune system.

            A defining characteristic of the immune system is the constant movement of many of its constituent cells through the secondary lymphoid tissues, mainly the spleen and lymph nodes, where crucial interactions that underlie homeostatic regulation, peripheral tolerance and the effective development of adaptive immune responses take place. What has only recently been recognized is the role that non-haematopoietic stromal elements have in many aspects of immune cell migration, activation and survival. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of lymphoid compartment stromal cells, examine their possible heterogeneity, discuss how these cells contribute to immune homeostasis and the efficient initiation of adaptive immune responses, and highlight how targeting of these elements by some pathogens can influence the host immune response.
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              The tenascin family of ECM glycoproteins: structure, function, and regulation during embryonic development and tissue remodeling.

              The determination of animal form depends on the coordination of events that lead to the morphological patterning of cells. This epigenetic view of development suggests that embryonic structures arise as a consequence of environmental influences acting on the properties of cells, rather than an unfolding of a completely genetically specified and preexisting invisible pattern. Specialized cells of developing multicellular organisms are surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix (ECM), comprised largely of different collagens, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. This ECM is a substrate for tissue morphogenesis, lends support and flexibility to mature tissues, and acts as an epigenetic informational entity in the sense that it transduces and integrates intracellular signals via distinct cell surface receptors. Consequently, ECM-receptor interactions have a profound influence on major cellular programs including growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. In contrast to many other ECM proteins, the tenascin (TN) family of glycoproteins (TN-C, TN-R, TN-W, TN-X, and TN-Y) display highly restricted and dynamic patterns of expression in the embryo, particularly during neural development, skeletogenesis, and vasculogenesis. These molecules are reexpressed in the adult during normal processes such as wound healing, nerve regeneration, and tissue involution, and in pathological states including vascular disease, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. In concert with a multitude of associated ECM proteins and cell surface receptors that include members of the integrin family, TN proteins impart contrary cellular functions, depending on their mode of presentation (i.e., soluble or substrate-bound) and the cell types and differentiation states of the target tissues. Expression of tenascins is regulated by a variety of growth factors, cytokines, vasoactive peptides, ECM proteins, and biomechanical factors. The signals generated by these factors converge on particular combinations of cis-regulatory elements within the recently identified TN gene promoters via specific transcriptional activators or repressors. Additional complexity in regulating TN gene expression is achieved through alternative splicing, resulting in variants of TN polypeptides that exhibit different combinations of functional protein domains. In this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in TN biology that provide insights into the complex way in which the ECM is regulated and how it functions to regulate tissue morphogenesis and gene expression. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Leuk Lymphoma
                Leuk. Lymphoma
                ILAL
                ilal20
                Leukemia & Lymphoma
                Taylor & Francis
                1042-8194
                1029-2403
                2 July 2016
                24 December 2015
                : 57
                : 7
                : 1687-1696
                Affiliations
                [ a ]Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata, Japan
                Author notes
                CONTACT Rintaro Ohe, MD, PhD r-ooe@ 123456med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan Supplemental data for this article can be accessed http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2015.1107907.
                Article
                1107907
                10.3109/10428194.2015.1107907
                4926777
                26700650
                4c57f5e7-d2dd-4885-8688-b4d758525139
                © 2015 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

                History
                : 20 July 2015
                : 5 September 2015
                : 10 October 2015
                Page count
                Pages: 10
                Categories
                Article
                Original Articles: Research

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                collagen modifying enzyme,fibroblastic reticular cell,follicular dendritic cell,malignant lymphoma

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