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      Will intestinal flora therapy become a new target in type-2 diabetes mellitus? A review based on 13 clinical trials Translated title: ¿Puede la terapia de flora intestinal convertirse en un nuevo objetivo para la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2? Revisión basada en 13 ensayos clínicos

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and its pathogenesis is still inconclusive. Current evidence suggests an association between intestinal flora and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this paper, we summarized the current research, determining whether intestinal flora may become a new method to treat T2DM, and providing a theoretical basis and literature references for the prevention of T2DM based on the regulation of intestinal flora. Method: we carried out a review based on 13 published clinical trials to determine the correlation between T2DM and intestinal flora, and between changes in clinical outcomes and in intestinal flora in the development of T2DM; to assess the pathological mechanisms; and to discuss the treatment of diabetes based on intestinal flora. Results: we found that intestinal flora is involved in the occurrence and development of T2DM. Several pathological mechanisms may be involved in the process, including improving the gut barrier, alleviating inflammation, increasing glucagon-like peptide (GLP) 1 and GLP 2, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and so on. Several measures based on intestinal flora, including exercise, food, specific diets, drugs and probiotics, would be used to treat and even prevent T2DM. Conclusions: high-quality studies are required to better understand the clinical effects of intestinal flora in T2DM.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: la diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad crónica cuya patogénesis no está clara. La evidencia actual sugiere una asociación entre la flora intestinal y la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 (DMT2). Este artículo revisa la investigación actual para determinar si la flora intestinal puede ser un nuevo método de tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 y proporciona la base teórica y las referencias de la literatura para la prevención de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 basada en la regulación de la flora intestinal. Métodos: se revisaron 13 ensayos clínicos publicados para determinar la correlación entre la DMT2 y la flora intestinal, los cambios en los resultados clínicos y los cambios en la flora intestinal durante el desarrollo de la DMT2; para resumir su mecanismo patogénico; y, desde el punto de vista de la flora intestinal, para explorar el tratamiento de la diabetes. Resultados: se encontró que la flora intestinal estaba involucrada en el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2. Este proceso puede implicar una variedad de mecanismos patológicos, incluyendo la mejora de la barrera intestinal, la reducción de la inflamación, el aumento del péptido similar al glucagón (GLP) 1 y GLP 2, y el aumento del rendimiento de los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (SCFA). Algunas medidas basadas en la flora intestinal, como el ejercicio, los alimentos, las dietas especiales, los medicamentos y los probióticos, se utilizarán para tratar e incluso prevenir la DMT2. Conclusión: se necesitan estudios de alta calidad para comprender mejor los efectos clínicos de la flora intestinal en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2.

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          Most cited references57

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          IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045

          Since the year 2000, IDF has been measuring the prevalence of diabetes nationally, regionally and globally.
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            A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes.

            Assessment and characterization of gut microbiota has become a major research area in human disease, including type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent endocrine disease worldwide. To carry out analysis on gut microbial content in patients with type 2 diabetes, we developed a protocol for a metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS) and undertook a two-stage MGWAS based on deep shotgun sequencing of the gut microbial DNA from 345 Chinese individuals. We identified and validated approximately 60,000 type-2-diabetes-associated markers and established the concept of a metagenomic linkage group, enabling taxonomic species-level analyses. MGWAS analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes were characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis, a decrease in the abundance of some universal butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in various opportunistic pathogens, as well as an enrichment of other microbial functions conferring sulphate reduction and oxidative stress resistance. An analysis of 23 additional individuals demonstrated that these gut microbial markers might be useful for classifying type 2 diabetes.
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              Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity.

              Two groups of beneficial bacteria are dominant in the human gut, the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes. Here we show that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet. Our findings indicate that obesity has a microbial component, which might have potential therapeutic implications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                April 2022
                : 39
                : 2
                : 425-433
                Affiliations
                [1] Nanjing orgnameThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University orgdiv1Nutritional Department People's Republic of China
                [2] Xuzhou orgnameXuzhou Cancer Hospital orgdiv1Nutritional Department People's Republic of China
                Article
                S0212-16112022000200023 S0212-1611(22)03900200023
                10.20960/nh.03866
                34844413
                4c5ca640-9f0f-47e8-9477-5f5112049594

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 September 2021
                : 30 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Reviews

                Flora intestinal,Diabetes mellitus de tipo 2,Tratamiento,Intestinal flora,T2DM,Therapy

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