6
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Direct and indirect allograft recognition: pathways dictating graft rejection mechanisms

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Purpose of review

          The T cell-dependent recognition of allogeneic tissues and organs is complicated by the fact that both donor and host antigen-presenting cells can present donor antigens to host T cells. As such, these pathways result in T cells that can be restricted to either donor (‘direct’) or host (‘indirect’) major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These pathways are well recognized, but how these distinct patterns actually dictate allograft recognition is less clear. Thus, the purpose of the review is to summarize results from preclinical animal models in an attempt to clarify the distinct forms of allograft rejection dictated by these recognition pathways.

          Recent findings

          CD4 + and CD8 + donor MHC-restricted T cells are sufficient to reject allografts by a T-cell receptor-mediated direct (‘cognate’) interaction using a defined array of effector molecules. Conversely, ‘noncognate’ host MHC-restricted CD4 + T cells must interact with intermediate host-type antigen-presenting cells and so greatly amplify the response by triggering antibody and inflammatory responses.

          Summary

          Importantly, ‘cognate’ CD4 + and CD8 + T cells have strikingly similar requirements for rejection, suggesting that this effector mechanism is dictated by the nature of allograft recognition rather than by T-cell subset. Conversely, ‘noncognate’ allograft recognition drives an increasingly appreciated role for inciting innate immunity in mediating allograft injury.

          Related collections

          Author and article information

          Journal
          9717388
          34597
          Curr Opin Organ Transplant
          Curr Opin Organ Transplant
          Current opinion in organ transplantation
          1087-2418
          1531-7013
          17 November 2015
          February 2016
          01 February 2017
          : 21
          : 1
          : 40-44
          Affiliations
          [a ]Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
          [b ]Department of Surgery and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
          Author notes
          Correspondence to Ronald G. Gill, PhD, Professor of Surgery and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), 1775 Aurora Ct., Box F-528 Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Tel: +1 303 724 5321; fax: +1 303 724 7624; ronald.gill@ 123456ucdenver.edu
          Article
          PMC4701596 PMC4701596 4701596 nihpa738233
          10.1097/MOT.0000000000000263
          4701596
          26575853
          4c634c89-460d-4d85-994a-7e0b8f41949c
          History
          Categories
          Article

          rejection mechanisms,T lymphocytes,innate immunity,allograft recognition

          Comments

          Comment on this article