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      Risk Factors for Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease during Outbreak among Men who Have Sex with Men, New York City, New York, USA

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          Abstract

          Risk factors for illness during a serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreak among men who have sex with men in New York City, New York, USA, in 2012–2013 included methamphetamine and cocaine use and sexually transmitted infections. Outbreak investigations should consider routinely capturing information regarding drug use and sex-related risk factors.

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          Prolonged university outbreak of meningococcal disease associated with a serogroup B strain rarely seen in the United States.

          Sema Mandal, Henry M. Wu, Jessica MacNeil … (2013)
          College students living in residential halls are at increased risk of meningococcal disease. Unlike that for serogroups prevented by quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines, public health response to outbreaks of serogroup B meningococcal disease is limited by lack of a US licensed vaccine.
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            Epidemiologic investigation and targeted vaccination initiative in response to an outbreak of meningococcal disease among illicit drug users in Brooklyn, New York.

            John Kornblum, Jane Zucker, M. Marx … (2009)
            An outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease that involved illicit drug users and their contacts occurred in Brooklyn, New York, during 2005 and 2006. The objectives of this study were to identify the population at risk for meningococcal disease, describe efforts to interrupt disease transmission, and assess the impact of a vaccine initiative. Descriptive and molecular epidemiological analysis was used to define the extent of the outbreak and the common risk factors among outbreak-related cases. A vaccine initiative that used community-based service providers was targeted to illicit drug users and their close contacts. The vaccine initiative was assessed through cessation of outbreak-related cases and the reduction in carriage rate. The investigation identified 23 outbreak-related cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease; 17 isolates were indistinguishable and 4 isolates were closely related according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Two additional culture-negative cases had epidemiological links to laboratory-confirmed cases. The median age of patients with outbreak-related cases was 41 years, and 19 (83%) of 23 patients reported an association with illicit drug use. There were 7 outbreak-related deaths. Vaccination was administered to 2763 persons at 29 community locations, including methadone treatment centers, syringe-exchange programs, and soup kitchens. Three additional cases of meningococcal disease due to strains with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern were identified after the vaccination initiative. Community-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease are difficult to control, and the decision to vaccinate is not straightforward. Current national guidelines for implementing a vaccination campaign are not strict criteria and cannot be expected to accommodate the myriad of factors that occur in community-based invasive meningococcal disease outbreaks, such as the inability to enumerate the population at risk.
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              Molecular epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from an outbreak of meningococcal disease among men who have sex with men, Chicago, Illinois, 2003.

              Garry B. Coulson, S. Diaz-Cintra, Patricia Wilkins … (2007)
              We characterized five Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C isolates from a Chicago outbreak of meningococcal disease that occurred in 2003 among a community of men who have sex with men. Isolates from this outbreak were identical to each other but distinct from the clone that caused a similar outbreak in Canada in 2001.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): August 2015
                Volume: 21
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1458-1461
                Affiliations
                [1]New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York, USA; (A. Ridpath, S.K. Greene, D. Weiss);
                [2]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (A. Ridpath, B.F. Robinson)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Alison Ridpath, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mailstop F60, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA; email: etf4@ 123456cdc.gov
                Article
                Publisher ID: 14-1932
                DOI: 10.3201/eid2108.141932
                PMC ID: 4517728
                PubMed ID: 26196855
                SO-VID: 4c67e1cc-d4ed-431a-a738-93fd8feb8318
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Risk Factors for Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease during Outbreak among Men who Have Sex with Men, New York City, New York, USA

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: neisseria meningitidis,bacteria,invasive meningococcal disease,serogroup c,disease outbreaks,case–control study,risk factors,homosexuality,men who have sex with men,new york city,new york
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: neisseria meningitidis, bacteria, invasive meningococcal disease, serogroup c, disease outbreaks, case–control study, risk factors, homosexuality, men who have sex with men, new york city, new york

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