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      Prevalencia y Abundancia de Huevos de Estróngilos Digestivos y Ooquistes de Eimeria spp. en Búfalos de Agua Infectados Naturalmente Translated title: Prevalence and Abundance of Digestive Strongyles Eggs and Eimeria spp. Oocysts in Water Buffaloes Naturally Infected

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          Abstract

          La cría de búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis) se ha convertido en una ganadería cada vez más importante y común en nuestro país; sin embargo, afecciones como las gastroenteritis parasitarias representan una de las limitantes en el desarrollo de esta especie, provocando un impacto negativo sobre la producción cárnica y lechera. Los principales agentes etiológicos responsables de esta afección son los estróngilos digestivos (Nematoda: Strongylida) y coccidias del género Eimeria (Sporozoa: Eucoccidida). Con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de estas infecciones, se evaluaron mediante exámenes coprológicos mensuales a través de la técnica cuantitativa de McMaster, búfalos de cuatro grupos etarios (bumautes entre 8 y 18 meses de edad, bumautes mayores de 18 meses, sementales y búfalas), de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a un rebaño comercial del estado Falcón. Los estróngilos digestivos y las coccidias fueron los más prevalentes, con 25,2 y 46,2%, respectivamente. La abundancia del rebaño fue de 38±41,1 huevos por gramo (HPG) de heces para estróngilos y de 142,4±117,2 ooquistes por gramo (OPG) de heces para coccidias. Hubo diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) al comparar los valores de prevalencia y abundancia de las infecciones por estróngilos digestivos y coccidias entre los grupos etarios y el sexo. Los valores de prevalencia y abundancia disminuyeron con la edad de los animales evaluados (estróngilos: prevalencias de 39,5; 34,0; 42,3; 15,8% y abundancias de 79,8; 47,2; 30,8; 12,2 HPG; coccidias: prevalencias de 71,3; 54,8; 38,5; 34,0% y abundancias de 379,1; 121,0; 44,2; 47,6 OPG), siendo superiores en machos que en hembras (estróngilos: prevalencias de 36,2 y 22,4%, y abundancias de 70,5 y 30,9 HPG; coccidias: prevalencias de 57,3 y 43,6% y abundancias de 166,3 y 131,5 OPG, respectivamente). Las mayores cargas parasitarias y las infecciones de importancia clínica se observaron en los bumautes entre 8 y 18 meses de edad (contajes mayores a 500 HPG y 5050 OPG). Las condiciones climáticas se encontraron en rangos favorables (25,6-29,3ºC, 77,0-89,0% de humedad relativa y 1,0-151,3 mm de precipitación) para el desarrollo de las formas preparasíticas de estróngilos digestivos y coccidias.

          Translated abstract

          The breeding of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) has become an increasingly important and common livestock in Venezuela; however, conditions such as gastrointestinal parasitism are one of the major constraints in the development of this species, with a negative impact on meat and milk production. The main etiologic agents responsible for this condition are digestive strongyles (Nematoda: Strongylida) and coccidia of the genus Eimeria (Sporozoa: Eucoccidida). This investigation evaluated the behavior of these infections in buffaloes of different age and sex. Samples were collected and examined monthly by the quantitative McMaster technique. The buffaloes were subdivided into four age groups (animals between 8 and 18 months of age, over 18 months, males and female buffaloes), the animals came from a commercial flock of the State of Falcon, Venezuela. The results show that the most prevalent parasites were strongyles and coccidian, 25.2% and 46.2%, respectively. The flock abundance was 38±41.1 eggs per gram (EPG) for strongyles and 142.4±117.2 oocysts per gram (OPG) forcoccidia. There were statistical differences (p <0.05) between age groups and sex of the buffalo, when comparing the values of prevalence and abundance of infections for gastrointestinal strongyles and coccidia. The prevalence and abundance values decreased, with increasing age of the animals tested (strongyles: prevalence of 39.5; 34.0; 42.3; 15.8% and abundance of 79.8; 47.2; 30.8; 12.2 EPG; coccidian: prevalence of 71.3; 54.8; 38.5; 34.0% and abundance of 379.1; 121.0; 44.2; 47.6 OPG), being higher in males than in females (strongyles: prevalence of 36.2 and 22.4%, and abundance of 70.5 and 30.9 EPG; coccidian: prevalence of 57.3 and 43.6% and abundance of 166.3 and 131.5 OPG). The highest parasitic loads and the clinically important infections were seen in 8 to 18 months old buffaloes (counts higher than 500 EPG and 5,050 OPG). Environmental conditions fell within favorable ranges (25.6-29.3ºC of temperature, 77.0-89.0% of relative humidity and 1.0-151.3 mm of precipitation) for the development of infective parasite forms of both digestive strongyles and coccidian.

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          The Use of Ecological Terms in Parasitology (Report of an Ad Hoc Committee of the American Society of Parasitologists)

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            Gastrointestinal nematode infections in adult dairy cattle: impact on production, diagnosis and control.

            Due to the intensification of dairy herds and the recognition of subclinical infections with a negative impact on production as disease, control of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in adult cows is becoming established in an increasing number of dairy herds. The objectives of this paper are to review the aspects related to the impact on production, diagnosis and control of GI nematodes in adult dairy cattle. During the last decade substantial evidence has been generated that GI nematodes can have a negative impact on the performance of adult animals. The milk-yield response to anthelmintic treatment in recent studies in pastured dairy herds was observed to be around 1kg/cow per day, whereas effects on reproductive performance remain equivocal. GI-nematode infections can be monitored based on Ostertagia ostertagi-specific antibody measurement, which provides information on the level of larval exposure and an indication of the associated production losses. Other diagnostic parameters are considered of limited use in adult cattle. Control relies on anthelmintic treatment and grazing management, which can be used complementary to each other. There are three critical points that need to be considered when developing anthelmintic control recommendations in adult cows: the unpredictability of the treatment response, the timing of treatment and the risk for developing anthelmintic resistance. As a consequence, monitoring of GI-nematode infections is desirable in order to focus anthelmintic treatments on those herds with a high larval challenge and associated production losses. For the future, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of different control approaches in terms of financial benefits for the farmer and sustainability on the long term.
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              Coccidiose dos ruminantes domésticos

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rfcv
                Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
                Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet.
                Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Central de Venezuela. (Maracay )
                0258-6576
                June 2013
                : 54
                : 1
                : 17-28
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela
                Article
                S0258-65762013000100003
                4c76fef2-36a4-45bc-a1fb-0f192d6a16d7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0258-6576&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                Water buffaloes,gastroenteritis,nematode infections,coccidia,prevalence,Falcón,Búfalo de agua,infecciones por nematodos,coccidia, prevalencia

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