Brooke Rhead:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-4883
Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original
draft
Ina S. Brorson:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-9413
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole:
Writing – original draft
Tone Berge: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing
– review & editing
Cameron Adams: Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
Hong Quach: Role: Data curationRole: Investigation
Stine Marit Moen: Role: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Pål Berg-Hansen: Role: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-6488
Role: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Dipen P. Sangurdekar:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-0808
Role: Formal analysisRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
Paola G. Bronson: Role: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Rodney A. Lea: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
Sean Burnard:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2149-3556
Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
Vicki E. Maltby:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-4742
Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
Rodney J. Scott:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-3404
Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Jeannette Lechner-Scott: Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Hanne F. Harbo:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-0122
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review
& editing
Steffan D. Bos:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-7520
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Lisa F. Barcellos: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole:
Writing – review & editing
Deyu Fang: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Journal ID (pmc): plosone
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
31
October
2018
Publication date Collection: 2018
Volume: 13
Issue: 10
Electronic Location Identifier: e0206511
Affiliations
[1
]
Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley,
CA, United States of America
[2
]
Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Division of Epidemiology, School of
Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of
America
[3
]
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
[4
]
Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
[5
]
Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan
University, Oslo, Norway
[6
]
MS-Centre Hakadal, Hakadal, Norway
[7
]
Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
[8
]
Translational & Integrative Analytics, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
of America
[9
]
Statistical Genetics & Genetic Epidemiology, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
of America
[10
]
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology,
Brisbane, Australia
[11
]
Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle,
Australia
[12
]
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
[13
]
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
[14
]
Molecular Genetics, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
[15
]
Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
Author notes
Competing Interests: Dipen P. Sangurdekar and Paola G. Bronson are employees at Biogen, Inc. Stine Marit
Moen reports an unrestricted travel grant from Biogen Idec and speaker's fees from
Biogen Idec and Novartis. Hanne F. Harbo reports personal fees from Biogen Norway,
Merck Norway, and Genzyme Norway, and grants and personal fees from Novartis Norway.
Pål Berg-Hansen reports grants and personal fees from Novartis and personal fees from
Biogen Idec and Teva. Jeannette Lechner-Scott reports grants and personal fees from
Biogen, Novartis, and TEVA, and personal fees from Sanofi Genzyme, Roche, and Merck.
Tone Berge reports unrestricted grants from Biogen Idec and Sanofi Genzyme. This does
not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-18-16452
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206511
PMC ID: 6209300
PubMed ID: 30379917
SO-VID: 4c847ada-db02-4546-aebd-ac029228d51f
Copyright © © 2018 Rhead et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
This work is supported by grant number F31NS096885 from the National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke (
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/), R01ES017080 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/), 240102 from the Norwegian Research Council (
https://www.forskningsradet.no/), and 39961 from South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (
https://www.helse-sorost.no/south-eastern-norway-regional-health-authority), as well as unrestricted research grants from “Legatet til Henrik Homans Minde”
(
https://www.unifor.no/Fund.aspx?fund=59) and Sanofi Genzyme (
https://www.sanofigenzyme.com/en/), a travel grant from “Odd Fellow Medisinske Fond” (
https://www.oddfellow.no/), and fellowships from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (
http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/) and Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia (
https://msra.org.au/). The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors D.P.S. and P.G.B.,
but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these
authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Cell biology
Subject:
Chromosome biology
Subject:
Chromatin
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Chromatin modification
Subject:
DNA methylation
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Epigenetics
Subject:
Chromatin
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Chromatin modification
Subject:
DNA methylation
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Gene expression
Subject:
Chromatin
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Chromatin modification
Subject:
DNA methylation
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
DNA
Subject:
DNA modification
Subject:
DNA methylation
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
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Nucleic acids
Subject:
DNA
Subject:
DNA modification
Subject:
DNA methylation
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Epigenetics
Subject:
DNA modification
Subject:
DNA methylation
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Gene expression
Subject:
DNA modification
Subject:
DNA methylation
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Types
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Animal Cells
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Blood Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Types
Subject:
Animal Cells
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Cell biology
Subject:
Cellular types
Subject:
Animal cells
Subject:
Blood cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
T cells
Subject:
Cytotoxic T cells
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Cell biology
Subject:
Cellular types
Subject:
Animal cells
Subject:
Immune cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
T cells
Subject:
Cytotoxic T cells
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
T cells
Subject:
Cytotoxic T cells
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
T cells
Subject:
Cytotoxic T cells
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Clinical Medicine
Subject:
Clinical Immunology
Subject:
Autoimmune Diseases
Subject:
Multiple Sclerosis
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Clinical Immunology
Subject:
Autoimmune Diseases
Subject:
Multiple Sclerosis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
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Clinical Immunology
Subject:
Autoimmune Diseases
Subject:
Multiple Sclerosis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Neurology
Subject:
Demyelinating Disorders
Subject:
Multiple Sclerosis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Neurology
Subject:
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Subject:
Multiple Sclerosis
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Gene Expression
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Ethnicities
Subject:
European People
Subject:
Norwegian People
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Etiology
