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      Health and nutrition in public and private schools in the city of Recife Translated title: Saúde e nutrição em escolas públicas e privadas de Recife

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objectives: to analyze the implementation of initiatives and environments promoting healthy feeding as well as the practice of physical activity in public and private schools in Recife. Methods: the schools selected in the City of Recife (n=39) are part of the sample in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The degree of implementation was estimated by means of interviews with the school manager emphasizing the following components: community participation, presence of healthy environments, partnership with the health segment, monitoring of nutritional status and nutrition policies. The variables selected were assigned points whose sum rated them as satisfactory implementation, poor implementation and critical implementation. Results: the promotion of healthy eating as well as the practice of physical activity was satisfactorily implemented in 13.8% of public schools. However, no private schools obtained such rating. Public schools, when compared to private schools, showed themselves to be more structured, concerning the policies and environments promoting healthy eating and school community participation, however, they showed greater fragility regarding the promotion of physical activity practice and nutritional status monitoring. A few schools had satisfactory implementation in the partnership with the health segment. Conclusions: public and private schools have presented barriers which compromise the full implementation of initiatives and environments promoting healthy eating and physical activity practice.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a implementação de iniciativas e ambientes promotores da alimen-tação saudável e da prática de atividade física em escolas públicas e privadas de Recife. Métodos: as escolas selecionadas em Recife (n=39) fazem parte da amostra do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). O grau de implementação foi estimado por meio de entrevistas com o gestor escolar enfatizando os seguintes componentes: participação da comunidade, ambientes saudáveis, parceria com o setor de saúde, monitoramento do estado nutricional e políticas de nutrição. Às variáveis selecionadas foram atribuídos pontos cujo somatório as classificou como implementação satisfatória, implementação insatisfatória e implementação crítica. Resultados: a promoção da alimentação saudável e da prática de atividade física foi implementada de forma satisfatória em 13,8% das escolas públicas. No entanto, nenhuma das escolas privadas obteve tal classificação. As escolas públicas, quando comparadas às escolas privadas, apresentaram - se mais estruturadas quanto às políticas e ambientes promotores da alimentação saudável e à participação da comunidade escolar, mas apresentaram maior fragilidade em relação à promoção da prática de atividade física e monitoramento do estado nutricional. Poucas escolas apresentaram implementação satisfatória na parceria com setor saúde. Conclusões: escolas públicas e privadas apresentaram barreiras que comprometem a implementação plena de iniciativas e ambientes promotores da alimentação saudável e da prática de atividade física.

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          The World Health Organization’s Health Promoting Schools framework: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis

          Background Healthy children achieve better educational outcomes which, in turn, are associated with improved health later in life. The World Health Organization’s Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework is a holistic approach to promoting health and educational attainment in school. The effectiveness of this approach has not yet been rigorously reviewed. Methods We searched 20 health, education and social science databases, and trials registries and relevant websites in 2011 and 2013. We included cluster randomised controlled trials. Participants were children and young people aged four to 18 years attending schools/colleges. HPS interventions had to include the following three elements: input into the curriculum; changes to the school’s ethos or environment; and engagement with families and/or local communities. Two reviewers identified relevant trials, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We grouped studies according to the health topic(s) targeted. Where data permitted, we performed random-effects meta-analyses. Results We identified 67 eligible trials tackling a range of health issues. Few studies included any academic/attendance outcomes. We found positive average intervention effects for: body mass index (BMI), physical activity, physical fitness, fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco use, and being bullied. Intervention effects were generally small. On average across studies, we found little evidence of effectiveness for zBMI (BMI, standardized for age and gender), and no evidence for fat intake, alcohol use, drug use, mental health, violence and bullying others. It was not possible to meta-analyse data on other health outcomes due to lack of data. Methodological limitations were identified including reliance on self-reported data, lack of long-term follow-up, and high attrition rates. Conclusion This Cochrane review has found the WHO HPS framework is effective at improving some aspects of student health. The effects are small but potentially important at a population level.
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            Global status report on noncommunicable diseases; 2010

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              Chronic disease burden associated with overweight and obesity in Ireland: the effects of a small BMI reduction at population level

              Background Overweight and obesity prevalence has risen dramatically in recent decades. While it is known that overweight and obesity is associated with a wide range of chronic diseases, the cumulative burden of chronic disease in the population associated with overweight and obesity is not well quantified. The aims of this paper were to examine the associations between BMI and chronic disease prevalence; to calculate Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) associated with overweight and obesity; and to estimate the impact of a one unit reduction in BMI on the population prevalence of chronic disease. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 10,364 adults aged ≥18 years from the Republic of Ireland National Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN 2007) was performed. Using binary regression, we examined the relationship between BMI and the selected chronic diseases. In further analyses, we calculated PAFs of selected chronic diseases attributable to overweight and obesity and we assessed the impact of a one unit reduction in BMI on the overall burden of chronic disease. Results Overweight and obesity prevalence was higher in men (43.0% and 16.1%) compared to women (29.2% and 13.4%), respectively. The most prevalent chronic conditions were lower back pain, hypertension, and raised cholesterol. Prevalence of chronic disease generally increased with increasing BMI. Compared to normal weight persons, the strongest associations were found in obese women for diabetes (RR 3.9, 95% CI 2.5-6.3), followed by hypertension (RR 2.9, 95% CI 2.3-3.6); and in obese men for hypertension (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6-2.7), followed by osteoarthritis (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.2). Calculated PAFs indicated that a large proportion of chronic disease is attributable to increased BMI, most noticeably for diabetes in women (42%) and for hypertension in men (30%). Overall, a one unit decrease in BMI results in 26 and 28 fewer cases of chronic disease per 1,000 men and women, respectively. Conclusions Overweight and obesity are major contributors to the burden of chronic disease in the population. The achievement of a relatively modest reduction in average BMI in the population has the potential to make a significant impact on the burden of chronic disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbsmi
                Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
                Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.
                Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (Recife, PR, Brazil )
                1806-9304
                March 2017
                : 17
                : 1
                : 191-200
                Affiliations
                [2] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                [1] Recife orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães Brazil myrtis_nut@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                S1519-38292017000100191
                10.1590/1806-930420170001000011
                4c9b7352-5e03-4153-9187-a31fcfeb0ded

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 February 2017
                : 21 January 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Promoção da saúde,Health promotion,School feeding,Physical activity,Adolescent,School health,Alimentação escolar,Atividade física,Adolescentes,Saúde escolar

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