Associations of Depression, Anxiety, and Life Events With the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Evaluated by Berlin Questionnaire

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Abstract

Background

Psychological problems are prevalent in the general population, and their impacts on sleep health deserve more attention. This study was to examine the associations of OSA risk with depression, anxiety, and life events in a Chinese population.

Methods

A total of 10,287 subjects were selected from the Guangzhou Heart Study. Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) was used to ascertain the OSA. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used to define depression and anxiety. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess life events. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated by using the logistic regression model.

Results

There were 1,366 subjects (13.28%) classified into the OSA group. After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with anxiety (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.63–4.04) and depression (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.19–2.97) were more likely to have OSA. Subjects suffering from both anxiety and depression were associated with a 3.52-fold (95% CI: 1.88–6.31) risk of OSA. Every 1-unit increment of CES-D score and SAS index score was associated with 13% (95% CI: 1.11–1.15) and 4% (95% CI: 1.03–1.06) increased risk of OSA. Neither positive life events nor adverse life events were associated with OSA.

Conclusions

The results indicate that depression and anxiety, especially co-occurrence of both greatly, were associated with an increased risk of OSA. Neither adverse life events nor positive life events were associated with any risk of OSA. Screening for interventions to prevent and manage OSA should pay more attention to depression and anxiety.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jiahai Lu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1410178/overview

Weiqing Chen: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/474944/overview

Xudong Liu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1521592/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Med (Lausanne)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Med (Lausanne)

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Med.

Title: Frontiers in Medicine

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 2296-858X

Publication date (Electronic): 07 April 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 799792

Affiliations

[1] ¹Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China

[2] ²School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China

[3] ³Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangzhou, China

[4] ⁴School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, China

[5] ⁵Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science , Guangzhou, China

[6] ⁶Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science , Guangzhou, China

Author notes

Edited by: Elisa Baratella, University of Trieste, Italy

Reviewed by: Pietro Geri, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Italy; Matteo Siciliano, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IRCCS), Italy

*Correspondence: Weiqing Chen chenwq@ 123456mail.sysu.edu.cn

Xudong Liu xdliu.cn@ 123456hotmail.com

Hai Deng doctordh@ 123456hotmail.com

This article was submitted to Pulmonary Medicine, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine

†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.799792

PMC ID: 9021543

PubMed ID: 35463036

SO-VID: 4ca7ff7f-4884-4b4e-81c9-7cf007fb1ed6

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 22 December 2021

Date accepted : 14 March 2022

Page count

Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 10, Words: 7499

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