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Abstract
Antibiotics entering the soil likely disturb the complex regulatory network of the
soil microbiome, which is closely associated with soil quality and ecological function.
This study investigated the effects of tetracycline (TC), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM),
ciprofloxacin (CIP) and their combination (AM) on the bacterial community in a soil-microbe-plant
system and identified the main bacterial responders. Antibiotic effects on the soil
microbiome depended on antibiotic type and exposure time. TC resulted in an acute
but more rapidly declining effect on soil microbiome while CIP and SMM led to a delayed
antibiotic effect. The soil exposed to AM presented a highly similar bacterial structure
to that exposed to TC rather than to SMM and CIP. TC, SMM and CIP had their own predominantly
impacted taxonomic groups that include both resistance and sensitive bacteria. The
antibiotic sensitive responders predominantly distributed within the phylum Proteobacteria.
The potential bacteria resistant to each antibiotic exhibited phyla preference to
some extent, particularly those resistant to TC. CIP and SMM resistance in soil was
increased with exposure time while TC resistance gave the opposite result. Overall,
the work extended the understanding of antibiotic effects on soil microbiome after
introduced into the soil during greenhouse vegetable cultivation.