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      Predictores de hipocalcemia postquirúrgica tras tiroidectomía total Translated title: Postoperative hypocalcaemia predictors after total thyroidectomy

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Dado el número creciente de cirugía de tiroides, la incidencia de hipoparatiroidismo postquirúrgico está en aumento. La frecuencia de la hipocalcemia por hipoparatiroidismo tras tiroidectomía total es muy variable según la literatura (0,3-68%). El objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar los factores bioquímicos, quirúrgicos y demográficos relacionados con un mayor riesgo de hipocalcemia. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, sobre un total de 297 pacientes intervenidos de tiroidectomía total en un periodo de 8 años en un hospital terciario. Se analizan datos demográficos, clínicos y bioquímicos, tanto preoperatorios, intraoperatorios como postoperatorios y su relación con la hipocalcemia postquirúrgica. Resultados: La tasa de hipocalcemia total fue de 40,2%, siendo transitoria en el 26,1%. Fueron variables estadísticamente significativas la edad (p=0,04), la enfermedad de Graves (p=0,04), el carcinoma confirmado por anatomía patológica (p=0,04), la tiroidectomía en dos tiempos (p=0,00), el número de paratiroides trasplantadas (p=0,00) y la PTH pre y post –operatorias (p=0,03 y p=0,00) y el gradiente de PTH (p=0,00). Conclusiones: Este estudio demuestra que hay una serie de factores de riesgo intrínsecos al paciente y al acto quirúrgico capaces de predecir el riesgo de hipocalcemia tras la tiroidectomía total. Posiblemente, la optimización de la técnica quirúrgica podría evitar la aparición de hipocalcemia tras la tiroidectomía total en algunos casos, mientras que en otros, la identificación de dichos factores en el postoperatorio podría permitir la detección temprana y el tratamiento eficaz de estos pacientes. En el presente estudio, la edad, la enfermedad de Graves y el autotrasplante de paratiroides se asociaron con hipocalcemia postquirúrgica; mientras que el carcinoma de tiroides y la tiroidectomía en dos tiempos fueron factores protectores.

          Translated abstract

          Summary Objective: Given the increasing number of thyroid surgeries, the incidence of post-surgical hypoparathyroidism is on the rise. The frequency of hypocalcaemia due to hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy is highly variable according to the literature (0.3-68%). The primary objective of this study is to analyze the biochemical, surgical and demographic factors related to an increased risk of hypocalcaemia. Methodology: This retrospective study encompasses 297 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy over a period of 8 years in a tertiary hospital. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data, both preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative, and their relationship with postoperative hypocalcaemia are analyzed. Results: The rate of total hypocalcaemia was 40.2%, being transient in 26.1%. Statistically significant variables were age (p=0.04), Graves' disease (p=0.04), carcinoma confirmed by pathology (p=0.04), two-stage thyroidectomy (p=0.00), the number of transplanted parathyroids (p=0.00) and pre- and post-operative PTH (p=0.03 and p=0.00) and the PTH gradient (p=0.00). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that there are a series of risk factors intrinsic to the patient and to the surgical procedure capable of predicting the risk of hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy. Possibly, the optimization of the surgical technique could prevent the appearance of hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy in some cases, while in others, the identification of these factors post-op could allow early detection and effective treatment of these patients. In the present study, age, Graves' disease, and parathyroid autotransplantation were associated with postoperative hypocalcemia. Thyroid carcinoma and two-stage thyroidectomy were protective factors.

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          Most cited references24

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          Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.

          Hypocalcaemia is common after thyroidectomy. Accurate prediction and appropriate management may help reduce morbidity and hospital stay. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.
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            Importance of in situ preservation of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy.

            Parathyroid failure is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy but factors involved are not completely understood. Accidental parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation resulting in fewer than four parathyroid glands remaining in situ, and intensity of medical treatment of postoperative hypocalcaemia may have relevant roles. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of parathyroid glands remaining in situ and parathyroid failure after total thyroidectomy.
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              Early prediction of postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia by one single iPTH measurement.

              We prospectively evaluated the possibility to make an early prediction of postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia by postoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) measurements. Fifty-three consecutive patients who underwent bilateral thyroid resection were included; iPTH was measured preoperatively, at the end of the surgical procedure, and at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours after the operation. Patients who had hypocalcemia (serum total calcium, <8.0 mg/dL) were compared with normocalcemic patients. Sixteen patients experienced hypocalcemia. Six patients experienced symptoms. No significant difference was found between hypocalcemic and normocalcemic patients concerning demographic, pathologic, and preoperative laboratory data, surgical procedure, and intraoperative findings. Postoperative iPTH levels were reduced in hypocalcemic patients at the end of the procedure and at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours after the operation ( P < .001). IPTH levels below the normal range (<10 pg/mL) at 4 and 6 hours after the operation correctly predicted postoperative hypocalcemia and symptoms in all but 1 patient with a self-limiting, asymptomatic hypocalcemia (serum calcium concentration, 7.8 mg/dL) (specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 94%; overall accuracy, 98%). One single iPTH measurement reliably can predict, early after thyroidectomy, which patients are prone to clinically relevant postoperative hypocalcemia and necessitate supplementation treatment and which patients are eligible for a safe early discharge.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                romm
                Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral
                Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner
                Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Óseas y Metabolismo Mineral (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1889-836X
                2173-2345
                December 2022
                : 14
                : 4
                : 131-135
                Affiliations
                [02] Valencia orgnameHospital Universitario Doctor Peset orgdiv1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología Spain
                [01] Alicante orgnameHospital General Universitario de Elda orgdiv1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología España
                Article
                S1889-836X2022000400006 S1889-836X(22)01400400006
                10.4321/s1889-836x2022000400006
                4cc86a31-0c5e-4fb5-a0aa-bc7731c70745

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 April 2022
                : 11 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                total thyroidectomy,hypocalcaemia,hypoparathyroidism,risk factors,tiroidectomía total,hipocalcemia,hipoparatiroidismo,factores de riesgo

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