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      Examination on Risk Factors of Infertility Caused by EMT and Their Correlation with VEGF, TNF- α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17

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      1 , , 2
      Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          In order to explore the risk factors of infertility caused by endometriosis (EMT) and their correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF- α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17, endometriosis sufferers admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to May 2022 are selected to conduct the examination. According to the pregnancy of patients, patients were included in the simple EMT set and EMT combined infertility set, with 50 cases in each group. The degree of dysmenorrhea is evaluated by the VAS score, and Luminex liquid protein is used to analyze the standards of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-A), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-17, and VEGF. Logistic multifactor regression decomposition is applied to analyze the risk factors of infertility in EMT sufferers. Besides, the standards of VEGF, TNF- α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in sufferers with different periods/agony degrees are evaluated, and the correlation of different periods/agony degrees with VEGF, TNF- α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 is analyzed. The results show that the different R-AFS periods are notoriously positively correlated with VEGF, TNF- α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 (all P < 0.05), and the VAS score is notoriously positively correlated with the abovementioned factors.

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          Peritoneal Fluid Cytokines Reveal New Insights of Endometriosis Subphenotypes

          Endometriosis is a common inflammatory gynecological disorder which causes pelvic scarring, pain, and infertility, characterized by the implantation of endometrial-like lesions outside the uterus. The peritoneum, ovaries, and deep soft tissues are the commonly involved sites, and endometriotic lesions can be classified into three subphenotypes: superficial peritoneal endometriosis (PE), ovarian endometrioma (OE), and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). In 132 women diagnosed laparoscopically with and without endometriosis (n = 73, 59 respectively), and stratified into PE, OE, and DIE, peritoneal fluids (PF) were characterized for 48 cytokines by using multiplex immunoassays. Partial-least-squares-regression analysis revealed distinct subphenotype cytokine signatures—a six-cytokine signature distinguishing PE from OE, a seven-cytokine signature distinguishing OE from DIE, and a six-cytokine-signature distinguishing PE from DIE—each associated with different patterns of biological processes, signaling events, and immunology. These signatures describe endometriosis better than disease stages (p < 0.0001). Pathway analysis revealed the association of ERK1 and 2, AKT, MAPK, and STAT4 linked to angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation in the subphenotypes. These data shed new insights on the pathophysiology of endometriosis subphenotypes, with the potential to exploit the cytokine signatures to stratify endometriosis patients for targeted therapies and biomarker discovery.
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            Systemic Inflammatory Response Markers Associated with Infertility and Endometrioma or Uterine Leiomyoma in Endometriosis

            Purpose The aim of this study was to find the most useful marker of endometriosis-related infertility and evaluate predictive and diagnostic values of systemic inflammatory response markers (preoperative white blood–cell subtypes, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet:lymphocyte ratio [PLR], and monocyte:lymphocyte ratio [MLR]) and CA125 levels in endometriosis patients. Methods This study comprised 662 women who had undergone laparoscopic surgery and been pathologically confirmed as having endometriosis and 83 patients pathologically confirmed with benign ovarian tumors. Related inflammatory factors in endometriosis complicated by infertility were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. Diagnostic values of the inflammatory response markers were obtained by receiver operating–characteristic analysis. Results We firstly identified that lower NLR level was an independent risk factor of infertility. Serum lymphocytes were significantly higher in endometriosis patients, while serum CA125, NLR, MLR, and PLR were elevated. For differentiating endometriosis from other benign ovarian tumors, the combination of NLR and CA125 achieved greater sensitivity than CA125 alone. In addition, both CA125 and NLR were positively correlated with stage, oviduct adhesion, and diameter of ovarian ectopic cysts. Conclusion NLR may be used as a simple and easily obtained predictive marker for endometriosis with infertility. Moreover, NLR can be a neoadjuvant biomarker for serum CA125 to diagnose endometriosis.
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              Different levels of sialyl-Tn antigen expressed on MUC16 in patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer.

              Although CA125 antigen is a useful marker for ovarian cancer, its expression is also elevated in endometriosis. The purpose of this study was to develop an assay method for evaluating differentially glycosylated MUC16 (CA125 core protein) in patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer. We prepared MUC16-enriched fractions from peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis and conditioned medium of ovarian carcinoma-3 cells by gel filtration, and evaluated the expression of sialyl-Le, Tn, and sialyl-Tn antigens by dot blot analysis. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure the level of sialyl-Tn antigen expressed on MUC16 (sTn/MUC16). The level of sTn/MUC16 was compared between patients with endometriosis (n = 21) and ovarian cancer (n = 36) and in ovarian cancers with different clinical diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, distribution of MUC16 and sialyl-Tn antigen in ovarian cancer tissues was observed immunohistochemically. Sialyl-Tn antigen was markedly detectable in the MUC16-enriched fractions from conditioned medium of ovarian carcinoma-3 cells but negligible in those from the peritoneal fluid of the patients with endometriosis. The level of sTn/MUC16 determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly higher in the patients with ovarian cancer than that in the patients with endometriosis (P < 0.001). An elevated level of sTn/MUC16 was detected in 44% of the patients with ovarian cancer but not all the patients with endometriosis. This level increased more prominently in the patients with ovarian cancer than that of MUC16 as both the clinical stage and cytological grade advanced. An elevated level of sTn/MUC16 was frequently found in the patients with serous and endometrioid carcinomas. Consistent with this, sialyl-Tn antigen was colocalized with MUC16 in serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer tissues. Estimation of the sTn/MUC16 level may be useful for discriminating endometriosis from ovarian cancer and for evaluating the clinical stage, cytological grade, and histological type of ovarian cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Contrast Media Mol Imaging
                Contrast Media Mol Imaging
                CMMI
                Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging
                Hindawi
                1555-4309
                1555-4317
                2022
                13 September 2022
                : 2022
                : 4421418
                Affiliations
                1Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
                2Ningbo Haishu District Third Hospital, Ningbo 315171, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Yuvaraja Teekaraman

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-5303
                Article
                10.1155/2022/4421418
                9489410
                4cebbca4-c1d5-4e55-aef8-809df5a2b273
                Copyright © 2022 Wei Li and LibinWeng.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 19 June 2022
                : 1 August 2022
                : 5 August 2022
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