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      Galectin-9 expression links to malignant potential of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

      Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
      Adult, Aged, Cadherins, biosynthesis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, metabolism, pathology, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Female, Galectins, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Tumor Markers, Biological, analysis, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

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          Abstract

          Galectin-9 (Gal-9) induces adhesion and aggregation of certain cell types and can be a prognostic factor in the patients with melanoma and breast cancer. We assessed the experiments to resolve whether Gal-9 expression in cervical neoplasm links to malignant potential of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. Gal-9 expression was examined with immunohistochemical techniques in 23 normal cervical squamous epithelia, 17 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 38 cervical SCC compared to E-cadherin. CIN was divided into low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (8 LSIL and 9 HSIL), and SCC was into well-, moderately and poorly differentiated SCC (6 WSCC, 20 MSCC and 12 PSCC). Gal-9 and E-cadherin were evidently detected in normal epithelium and endocervical glands, but those in CIN and SCC were significantly faint. Moreover, both the Gal-9 and E-cadherin expressions in HSIL were significant lower than those in LSIL, suggesting their association with malignant transformation. Unexpectedly, Gal-9 and E-cadherin in WSCC were significantly high compared to those in HSIL. Furthermore, those in SCC were inversely correlated with the grade of differentiation (WSCC > MSCC > PSCC), implying the possible involvement of Gal-9 and E-cadherin in the differentiation of SCC. In contrast, they were not different among the FIGO stage. Gal-9 expression was well correlated with E-cadherin expression in CIN and SCC but not in normal cervical epithelia. The present results suggest that decreased Gal-9 expression is inversely associated with malignant potential or differentiation of cervical CIN and SCC as a differentiation biomarker.

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