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      CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER TWO-STAGE BICRUCIATE KNEE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION Translated title: RESULTADO CLÍNICO APÓS RECONSTRUÇÃO LIGAMENTAR BICRUZADO DO JOELHO, EM DOIS TEMPOS

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To correlate clinical and intraoperative findings with the postoperative evaluation of two-stage bicruciate knee ligament reconstruction.

          Methods:

          The study was conducted with 25 patients (20 men and 05 women) with mean age of 32.3 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.2, and mean lesion duration of 18.3 months. The treatment consisted of an Inlay reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) followed by the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, at least 3 months after the first surgical procedure. Four patients required additional procedures: patellar tendon (02), medial collateral ligament (MCL) (02).

          Results:

          With an average follow-up of 24.8 months, 60% of the patients scored zero or + at the posterior drawer test, while 40% scored ++; 60% of patients were evaluated as good/excellent according to the Lysholm scale. Only one patient reached the pre-injury Tegner activity level. Injury duration had a negative influence on functional limitation, vitality, and mental health (SF-36).

          Conclusion:

          Although two-stage bicruciate knee ligament reconstruction improved knee stability and self-assessment, 96% of patients did not recover their pre-injury state. In the 36-item short form survey (SF-36), injury duration was inversely correlated with self-assessment of functional capacity, physical limitation, vitality, and mental health. Level of Evidence II, retrospective study.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Correlacionar os achados clínicos e intraoperatórios com a avaliação pós-operatória da reconstrução ligamentar bicruzada do joelho em dois tempos.

          Métodos:

          25 pacientes (20 homens e 05 mulheres), média de idade de 32,3 anos, IMC médio de 26,2, tempo médio da lesão de 18,3 meses. O tratamento foi iniciado com a reconstrução INLAY do LCP e, após o intervalo mínimo de 3 meses, foi realizada a reconstrução do LCA. Procedimentos adicionais em 04 pacientes - tendão patelar (02), LCM (02).

          Resultados:

          com seguimento médio de 24,8 meses, o teste de gaveta posterior foi classificado como zero ou + em 60% dos pacientes avaliados e 40% como ++. 60% dos pacientes avaliados como bons / excelentes (Lysholm). Apenas um paciente atingiu o nível de atividade Tegner pré-lesão. A tempo da lesão influenciou negativamente os parâmetros de limitação do funcionamento físico dos aspectos físicos, vitalidade e saúde mental (SF-36).

          Conclusão:

          a reconstrução bicruzado do joelho, em dois tempos, melhorou a estabilidade do joelho e a avaliação subjetiva, mas 96% dos pacientes não recuperaram o estado pré-lesão. O tempo de lesão apresentou correlação estatística inversa com a avaliação subjetiva da capacidade funcional, limitação dos aspectos físicos, vitalidade e saúde mental no escore S-36. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo retrospective.

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          Most cited references25

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          • Abstract: found
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          Acute knee dislocation: an evidence based approach to the management of the multiligament injured knee.

          Traumatic knee dislocations are uncommon yet serious injuries that historically have had variable prognosis. The evaluation and management of traumatic knee dislocations remains controversial. Appropriate early management has been shown to have a significant impact on long term functional outcome. A comprehensive review of the recent literature is presented alongside our current approach to management. The dislocated knee is an under diagnosed injury which relies on a high index of clinical suspicion on presentation of any knee injury. There is now a degree of consensus regarding need for surgery, timing of surgery, vascular investigations, surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols. Vigilant monitoring for neurovascular complications, appropriate investigations and early involvement of surgeons with a specialist interest in knee ligament surgeries is the key to successful management of these difficult injuries.
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            Clinical outcomes after isolated arthroscopic single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

            The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes after arthroscopic single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in patients with isolated grade III PCL injuries. Retrospective review. Twenty-one patients who underwent an isolated arthroscopic single-bundle PCL reconstruction for the treatment of a grade III PCL injury between 1989 and 1998 were included in the study. There were 15 male and 6 female patients with an average age of 38 years (range, 20 to 62 years). The length of follow-up was 5.9 years (range, 2.6 to 11 years), and the average time from injury to surgery was 4.5 years (median, 1.3 years; range, 2 weeks to 25 years). All patients completed a subjective evaluation and 14 patients returned for a physical examination and radiographs. One patient underwent an acute reconstruction ( 3 months) reconstruction. The anterolateral bundle of the PCL was reconstructed using an Achilles tendon allograft passed through femoral and tibial bone tunnels. The overall average Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS), Sports Activities Scale (SAS), and SF-36 scores were 79.3, 71.6, and 98 points, respectively. There was a significant difference identified when the ADLS (91.3 v 75.6) and the SAS (90.4 v 65.8) scores of the subacute/acute group were compared with those of the chronic reconstruction group. Using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective assessment, 57% of the patients had normal/near normal knee function, and 62% had a normal/near normal activity level. The average extension and flexion losses were 1 degrees and 5 degrees , respectively. Instrumented laxity examination revealed that 62% had less than a 3-mm and 31% had a 3- to 5-mm side-to-side difference in corrected posterior displacement. Radiographs at follow-up showed that 75% had normal/near normal findings according to IKDC guidelines. The clinical outcomes after arthroscopic single-bundle PCL reconstruction in this study produced a satisfactory return of function and improvement in symptoms. All patients in this study had improved laxity of at least 1 grade. When compared with chronic reconstructions, acute reconstructions had statistically significant better ADLS and SAS scores. IV, case series.
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              Surgical treatment of complex bicruciate knee ligament injuries in elite athletes: what long-term outcome can we expect?

              A traumatic knee dislocation represents a serious injury, particularly for athletes who have the highest demands on their knee function. Our aim was to analyze the long-term outcome and return to sports after traumatic knee dislocation in elite athletes treated surgically according to a standardized treatment protocol and to identify predictive factors for a successful outcome. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. A review of hospital medical records yielded 26 elite athletes with a knee dislocation (torn bicruciate ligaments and at least one torn collateral ligament), who had undergone an open complete single-stage reconstruction/primary repair of the cruciates and collateral ligaments including the posterolateral corner from January 1983 to August 2006. Return to sport (start of sport-specific training) was recorded. Return to the former level of sports activity was assessed. At a median follow-up of 8 years (range, 1-23 years), 24 patients (92%) were evaluated for instrumented anterior-posterior laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer) and scored on the visual analog scale (VAS pain, satisfaction), International Knee Documentation Committee form (IKDC), American Knee Society score, and Lysholm and Tegner score. Standard weightbearing and stress radiographs were taken. Seventy-nine percent of patients (n = 19) returned to their previous sport after a median time of 5.5 months (range, 1.5-36 months), with 8 of them returning to preinjury levels. Eight percent had a VAS pain score >3. Thirteen percent of patients showed a flexion deficit >15 degrees , and 8% showed an extension deficit >10 degrees . The mean side-to-side differences for anterior and posterior laxity were 2.3 mm (range, 1-5 mm) and 2.0 mm (range, 2-7 mm), respectively. The total IKDC score was normal in 4, nearly normal in 12, abnormal in 6, and severely abnormal in 2 patients. The median Lysholm score was 91.8 (range, 37-100). The median Tegner score decreased from 9 (range, 7-10) to 7 (range, 2-10). The median American Knee Society score was 190 (range, 162-200). The median radiological anterior-posterior side-to-side differences in 30 degrees and 90 degrees flexion were 1 mm (range, 1-6 mm)/1 mm (range, 0-11 mm) and 1 mm (range, 0-7 mm)/3 mm (range, 0-11 mm), respectively. Patients treated more than 40 days after injury had a poorer outcome on the satisfaction and relative Tegner scores. This group was also less successful in returning to sport compared with patients treated earlier. Athletes treated by early, open, complete single-stage reconstruction within 40 days of injury had better outcomes. Although 19 of 24 patients returned to sports with good functional outcomes and ligamentous stability, only 8 of 24 athletes reached their preinjury sports activity level.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Ortop Bras
                Acta Ortop Bras
                aob
                Acta Ortopedica Brasileira
                ATHA EDITORA
                1413-7852
                1809-4406
                Jan-Feb 2021
                Jan-Feb 2021
                : 29
                : 1
                : 7-11
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Sports and Exercise Medicine Group, Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology (DORT), SChool of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Sergio Rocha Piedade. Rua Severo Penteado 131, apto 01, Cambuí, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13025050. piedade@ 123456unicamp.br

                All authors declare no potential conflict of interest related to this article.

                AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS: Each author contributed individually and significantly to the development of this article. SRP: surgery performance, data analysis, and writing, review, and intellectual concept of the article; MMI: surgery performance, data analysis, and writing of the article.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-5568
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-5914
                Article
                10.1590/1413-785220212901234943
                7976866
                33795961
                4d43904e-c37c-44bc-9d08-c68281def9b8

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 13 April 2020
                : 02 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Original Article
                Knee

                posterior cruciate ligament,knee injuries,ligaments,patient reported outcomes measures,ligamento cruzado posterior,traumatismos do joelho,ligamentos,medidas de resultados relatados pelo paciente

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