Outbreaks of Tilapia Lake Virus Infection, Thailand, 2015–2016

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Abstract

During 2015–2016, several outbreaks of tilapia lake virus infection occurred among tilapia in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus from Thailand grouped with a tilapia virus (family Orthomyxoviridae) from Israel. This emerging virus is a threat to tilapia aquaculture in Asia and worldwide.

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Most cited references 9

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Identification of four conserved motifs among the RNA-dependent polymerase encoding elements.

O Poch, I Sauvaget, M Delarue … (1989)

Four consensus sequences are conserved with the same linear arrangement in RNA-dependent DNA polymerases encoded by retroid elements and in RNA-dependent RNA polymerases encoded by plus-, minus- and double-strand RNA viruses. One of these motifs corresponds to the YGDD span previously described by Kamer and Argos (1984). These consensus sequences altogether lead to 4 strictly and 18 conservatively maintained amino acids embedded in a large domain of 120 to 210 amino acids. As judged from secondary structure predictions, each of the 4 motifs, which may cooperate to form a well-ordered domain, places one invariant amino acid in or proximal to turn structures that may be crucial for their correct positioning in a catalytic process. We suggest that this domain may constitute a prerequisite 'polymerase module' implicated in template seating and polymerase activity. At the evolutionary level, the sequence similarities, gap distribution and distances between each motif strongly suggest that the ancestral polymerase module was encoded by an individual genetic element which was most closely related to the plus-strand RNA viruses and the non-viral retroposons. This polymerase module gene may have subsequently propagated in the viral kingdom by distinct gene set recombination events leading to the wide viral variety observed today.

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Identification of a novel RNA virus lethal to tilapia.

Marina Eyngor, Rachel Zamostiano, Japhette Esther Kembou Tsofack … (2014)

Tilapines are important for the sustainability of ecological systems and serve as the second most important group of farmed fish worldwide. Significant mortality of wild and cultured tilapia has been observed recently in Israel. The etiological agent of this disease, a novel RNA virus, is described here, and procedures allowing its isolation and detection are revealed. The virus, denominated tilapia lake virus (TiLV), was propagated in primary tilapia brain cells or in an E-11 cell line, and it induced a cytopathic effect at 5 to 10 days postinfection. Electron microscopy revealed enveloped icosahedral particles of 55 to 75 nm. Low-passage TiLV, injected intraperitoneally in tilapia, induced a disease resembling the natural disease, which typically presents with lethargy, ocular alterations, and skin erosions, with >80% mortality. Histological changes included congestion of the internal organs (kidneys and brain) with foci of gliosis and perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes in the brain cortex; ocular inflammation included endophthalmitis and cataractous changes of the lens. The cohabitation of healthy and diseased fish demonstrated that the disease is contagious and that mortalities (80 to 100%) occur within a few days. Fish surviving the initial mortality were immune to further TiLV infections, suggesting the mounting of a protective immune response. Screening cDNA libraries identified a TiLV-specific sequence, allowing the design of a PCR-based diagnostic test. This test enables the specific identification of TiLV in tilapines and should help control the spread of this virus worldwide.

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Rift Valley fever virus L segment: correction of the sequence and possible functional role of newly identified regions conserved in RNA-dependent polymerases.

O Poch, M Delarue, S. Müller … (1994)

The sequence of Rift Valley fever virus L segment that we published in a previous paper was erroneous in the 3'-terminal region of the antigenomic RNA molecule. Here, we have shown that the L segment is in fact 6404 nucleotides long and encodes a polypeptide of 237.7K in the viral complementary sense. Sequence comparisons performed between the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of 22 negative-stranded RNA viruses revealed the existence of two novel regions located at the amino termini of the proteins and conserved only in the polymerases of bunya- and arenaviruses. In the region conserved in all RNA-dependent polymerases, corresponding to the so-called 'polymerase module', we identified a new motif, designated premotif A, common to all RNA-dependent polymerases, as well as amino acids located in the region between motifs preA and A which are strictly conserved for segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses. Using the recently released coordinates of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and the alignment between all RNA-dependent polymerases in the 'polymerase module', we have determined the position of the conserved residues in these polymerases and discuss their possible functions in light of the available structural information.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): EID

Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ISSN (Print): 1080-6040

ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059

Publication date (Print): June 2017

Volume: 23

Issue: 6

Pages: 1031-1033

Affiliations

[1]Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (W. Surachetpong, P. Tattiyapong);

[2]Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (T. Janetanakit, N. Nonthabenjawan, A. Amonsin);

[3]Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok (K. Sirikanchana);

[4]Ministry of Education, Bangkok (K. Sirikanchana)

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Win Surachetpong, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand 10900; email: fvetwsp@ 123456ku.ac.th

Article

Publisher ID: 16-1278

DOI: 10.3201/eid2306.161278

PMC ID: 5443430

PubMed ID: 28518020

SO-VID: 4db10d07-e0ec-4339-bd28-fd9c435f0d63

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Outbreaks of Tilapia Lake Virus Infection, Thailand, 2015–2016

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Abstract

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Zika Virus

Most cited references 9

Identification of four conserved motifs among the RNA-dependent polymerase encoding elements.

Identification of a novel RNA virus lethal to tilapia.

Rift Valley fever virus L segment: correction of the sequence and possible functional role of newly identified regions conserved in RNA-dependent polymerases.

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