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      Alarming Levels of Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence among Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: Emergency National and International Actions Warranted

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          How to cite this article: Mahtab MAL, Akbar SMF, et al. Alarming Levels of Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence among Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: Emergency National and International Actions Warranted. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2019;9(1):55-56.

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          The Rohingya people of Myanmar: health, human rights, and identity.

          Syed S Mahmood, Emily Wroe, Arlan Fuller … (2017)
          The Rohingya people of Myanmar (known as Burma before 1989) were stripped of citizenship in 1982, because they could not meet the requirement of proving their forefathers settled in Burma before 1823, and now account for one in seven of the global population of stateless people. Of the total 1·5 million Rohingya people living in Myanmar and across southeast Asia, only 82 000 have any legal protection obtained through UN-designated refugee status. Since 2012, more than 159 000 people, most of whom are Rohingya, have fled Myanmar in poorly constructed boats for journeys lasting several weeks to neighbouring nations, causing hundreds of deaths. We outline historical events preceding this complex emergency in health and human rights. The Rohingya people face a cycle of poor infant and child health, malnutrition, waterborne illness, and lack of obstetric care. In December, 2014, a UN resolution called for an end to the crisis. We discuss the Myanmar Government's ongoing treatment of Rohingya through the lens of international law, and the steps that the newly elected parliament must pursue for a durable solution.
          Article 0 comments Cited 41 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Real-time analysis of the diphtheria outbreak in forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Bangladesh

            Flavio Finger, Sebastian Funk, Kate White … (2019)
            Background Between August and December 2017, more than 625,000 Rohingya from Myanmar fled into Bangladesh, settling in informal makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar district and joining 212,000 Rohingya already present. In early November, a diphtheria outbreak hit the camps, with 440 reported cases during the first month. A rise in cases during early December led to a collaboration between teams from Médecins sans Frontières—who were running a provisional diphtheria treatment centre—and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine with the goal to use transmission dynamic models to forecast the potential scale of the outbreak and the resulting resource needs. Methods We first adjusted for delays between symptom onset and case presentation using the observed distribution of reporting delays from previously reported cases. We then fit a compartmental transmission model to the adjusted incidence stratified by age group and location. Model forecasts with a lead time of 2 weeks were issued on 12, 20, 26 and 30 December and communicated to decision-makers. Results The first forecast estimated that the outbreak would peak on 19 December in Balukhali camp with 303 (95% posterior predictive interval 122–599) cases and would continue to grow in Kutupalong camp, requiring a bed capacity of 316 (95% posterior predictive interval (PPI) 197–499). On 19 December, a total of 54 cases were reported, lower than forecasted. Subsequent forecasts were more accurate: on 20 December, we predicted a total of 912 cases (95% PPI 367–2183) and 136 (95% PPI 55–327) hospitalizations until the end of the year, with 616 cases actually reported during this period. Conclusions Real-time modelling enabled feedback of key information about the potential scale of the epidemic, resource needs and mechanisms of transmission to decision-makers at a time when this information was largely unknown. By 20 December, the model generated reliable forecasts and helped support decision-making on operational aspects of the outbreak response, such as hospital bed and staff needs, and with advocacy for control measures. Although modelling is only one component of the evidence base for decision-making in outbreak situations, suitable analysis and forecasting techniques can be used to gain insights into an ongoing outbreak. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12916-019-1288-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Medical and health risks associated with communicable diseases of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh 2017

              Cheuk Chiu, Emily Chan, Gloria K.W. Chan (2018)
              Complex emergencies remain major threats to human well-being in the 21st century. More than 300000 Rohingya people from Myanmar, one of the most forgotten minorities globally, have fled to neighboring countries over the past decades. In the recent crisis, the sudden influx of Rohingya people over a 3-month period almost tripled the accumulated displaced population in Bangladesh. Using the Rohingya people in Bangladesh as a case context, this perspective article synthesizes evidence in the published literature regarding the possible key health risks associated with the five main health and survival supporting domains, namely water and sanitation, food and nutrition, shelter and non-food items, access to health services, and information, for the displaced living in camp settlements in Asia.
              Article 0 comments Cited 19 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EJOHG
                Title: Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology
                Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 2231-5047
                ISSN (Electronic): 2231-5128
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Jun 2019
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 55-56
                Affiliations
                [1,6,8 ] Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [2 ] Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan, Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
                [3 ] Kazuaki Takahashi, Viral Hepatitis Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
                [4 ] Department of Hepatology, Cox's Bazar Medical College, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
                [5 ] Department of Hepatology, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmod Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh
                [7 ] Department of Community Medicine, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [9 ] Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [10 ] Forum for The Study of The Liver, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [11,12 ] Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
                Author notes
                Mamun Al Mahtab, Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Phone: 880 171 156 7275, e-mail: shwapnil@ 123456agni.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1297
                PMC ID: 6969329
                SO-VID: 4dc56388-20e3-477e-bd1a-64f24a67bcc8
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
                License:

                © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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