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      Oral contraceptives alter circadian rhythm parameters of cortisol, melatonin, blood pressure, heart rate, skin blood flow, transepidermal water loss, and skin amino acids of healthy young women.

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          Abstract

          Sixteen healthy women users and nonusers of oral contraceptives (OC) volunteered to document a set of circadian rhythms. Nine were taking OC providing ethynyl estradiol (0.03-0.05 mg/24h, 21 days/month) combined with DL- or L-norgestrel or norethisterone. There was no group difference (p > 0.05) in median age (22 years), weight (57 kg), and height (162) cm). Data were obtained at fixed hours, 5 times/24h, during a 48-h span, in November. (Day activity from approximately 08:00 to approximately 23:00 h and night rest). Environmental conditions were controlled, using air-conditioned rooms of constant temperature (26 degrees +/- 0.5) and relative humidity 45% +/- 1. Both cosinor and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. All circadian rhythms were validated with one exception: that of salivary melatonin was not detected in OC users. The 24h mean (M) exhibited group differences for certain variables: M was greater in OC than non-OC users for systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001), heart rate (p < 0.01), skin blood flow (p < 0.04), and transepidermal water loss (p < 0.02). M was lower in OC than non-OC users in salivary cortisol (p < 0.04) and skin amino acids (p < 0.003). No group difference was detected in any other documented rhythms: diastolic blood pressure, grip strength of both hands, oral temperature, self-rated fatigue, and the skin variables of urea, lactate, triglycerides, and acid phosphatase activity.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Chronobiol. Int.
          Chronobiology international
          0742-0528
          0742-0528
          Aug 1996
          : 13
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Unité de Chronobiologie et Chronothérapie, Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France.
          Article
          10.3109/07420529609012653
          8874983
          4dcdb6d5-dc18-457c-a979-bd23321b5947
          History

          France,Hemic System,Hormones,Mediterranean Countries,Oral Contraceptives,Oral Contraceptives, Combined,Physiology--changes,Population,Population Dynamics,Research Methodology,Research Report,Studies,Time Factors,Western Europe,Adrenal Cortex Hormones,Biology,Blood Pressure,Case Control Studies,Contraception,Contraceptive Methods,Demographic Factors,Dermatological Effects,Developed Countries,Endocrine System,Europe,Family Planning

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