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      Optimized localization-analysis for single-molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy

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          Abstract

          We optimally localize isolated fluorescent beads and molecules imaged as diffraction-limited spots, determine the orientation of molecules, and present reliable formulae for the precisions of various localization methods. For beads, theory and experimental data both show that unweighted least-squares fitting of a Gaussian squanders one third of the available information, a popular formula for its precision exaggerates beyond Fisher's information limit, and weighted least-squares may do worse, while maximum likelihood fitting is practically optimal.

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          Most cited references21

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          Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications

          C. Rao (1973)
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            Myosin V walks hand-over-hand: single fluorophore imaging with 1.5-nm localization.

            Myosin V is a dimeric molecular motor that moves processively on actin, with the center of mass moving approximately 37 nanometers for each adenosine triphosphate hydrolyzed. We have labeled myosin V with a single fluorophore at different positions in the light-chain domain and measured the step size with a standard deviation of <1.5 nanometers, with 0.5-second temporal resolution, and observation times of minutes. The step size alternates between 37 + 2x nm and 37 - 2x, where x is the distance along the direction of motion between the dye and the midpoint between the two heads. These results strongly support a hand-over-hand model of motility, not an inchworm model.
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              Localization accuracy in single-molecule microscopy.

              One of the most basic questions in single-molecule microscopy concerns the accuracy with which the location of a single molecule can be determined. Using the Fisher information matrix it is shown that the limit of the localization accuracy for a single molecule is given by, lambda(em)/2pi n(a) square root of gammaAt, where lambda(em), n(a), gamma, A, and t denote the emission wavelength of the single molecule, the numerical aperture of the objective, the efficiency of the optical system, the emission rate of the single molecule and the acquisition time, respectively. Using Monte Carlo simulations it is shown that estimation algorithms can come close to attaining the limit given in the expression. Explicit quantitative results are also provided to show how the limit of the localization accuracy is reduced by factors such as pixelation of the detector and noise sources in the detection system. The results demonstrate what is achievable by single-molecule microscopy and provide guidelines for experimental design.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                101215604
                32338
                Nat Methods
                Nature methods
                1548-7091
                1548-7105
                20 April 2010
                4 April 2010
                May 2010
                30 June 2011
                : 7
                : 5
                : 377-381
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark - DTU, Building 345E, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
                [2 ]Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
                [3 ]Department of Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
                Author notes
                [4]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                nihpa186810
                10.1038/nmeth.1447
                3127582
                20364147
                4dd71c8c-02ea-4a56-95d9-f3b61c07894c

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                History
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute of General Medical Sciences : NIGMS
                Award ID: R01 GM033289-27 ||GM
                Funded by: National Institute of General Medical Sciences : NIGMS
                Award ID: R01 GM033289-21 ||GM
                Categories
                Article

                Life sciences
                Life sciences

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