Analysis of vitamin D nutritional status among children aged 0 to 12 years in Chongqing

Abstract

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and associated factors of vitamin D among children aged 0 to 12 years old in Chongqing.

Methods From January 2019 to December 2021, 1 877 children aged 0–6 years who received regular child health care were randomly selected from Chongqing maternal and child health hospital, and 707 school-age children were also selected from three primary school in Chongqing for investigation. The serum sample were collected for detecting serum 25-(OH)-D level by chemiluminescence method, and the possible influencing factors of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) were analyzed.

Results The average serum 25-(OH)-D concentration of children was (39.9±9.1) ng/mL with the positive rate of VDD was 14.59%. There were significant differences of VDD positive rate in different age, visiting time, visiting season, body shape, outdoor activity time and vitamin D supplementation (0–3 years old vs 4–6 years old vs 7–12 years old: 14.73% vs 22.19% vs 10.47%; visiting season: spring vs summer vs autumn vs winter: 12.97% vs 10.65% vs 14.86% vs 21.33%; pre COVID-19 epidemic vs post COVID-19 epidemic: 11.18% vs 17.08%; underweight or normal vs overweight or obesity: 12.34% vs 26.13%; adequate outdoor activity time vs inadequate: 11.84% vs 16.27%; regular vitamin D supplementation vs irregular vitamin D supplementation: 11.71% vs 15.62%) (χ ²=26.17, 17.59, 30.98, 53.74, 9.60, 6.17, P<0.05). Underweight or normal body weight, sufficient outdoor activities and regular vitamin D supplementation were associated with less vitamin D deficiency with OR ( OR95% CI) at 0.68 (0.55–0.84), 0.57 (0.25–0.77) and 0.62 (0.44–0.85) ( P<0.05).

Conclusion The prevalence of VDD among preschool and school-age children is high in Chongqing. Integrated prevention and control strategies incluing overweight or obesity control, increasing outdoor activities and oral vitamin D supplements should be taken.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 了解重庆市 0~12 岁儿童维生素 D 营养状况, 分析其维生素 D 缺乏 (vitamin D deficiency, VDD) 可能的影 响因素。 方法 随机抽取 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月于重庆市妇幼保健院进行规律儿童保健的 0~6 岁儿童 1 877 名和重 庆市 3 所小学 6~12 岁学龄儿童 707 名, 采集静脉血采用化学发光法检测血清 25-(OH)-D 水平, 自行设计问卷并分析维生 素 D 缺乏可能的影响因素。 结果 儿童血清 25-(OH)-D 平均质量体积浓度为 (39.9±9.1) ng/mL, VDD 检出率为 14.59%。不同年龄段、就诊时间、就诊季节、体型、户外活动时间和维生素 D 补充情况儿童 VDD 检出率 (0~3, 4~6, 7~12 岁分别为 14.73%, 22.19%, 10.47%; 疫情前、疫情后分别为 11.18%, 17.08%; 就诊季节春、夏、秋、冬分别为 12.97%, 10.65%, 14.86%, 21.33%; 体型消瘦或正常、超重或肥胖分别为 12.34%, 26.13%; 户外活动时间充足、不足分别为 11.84%, 16.27%; 补充维生 素 D、未补充维生素 D 分别为 11.71%, 15.62%), 差异均有统计学意义 (χ ² 值分别为 26.17, 17.59, 30.98, 53.74, 9.60, 6.17, P 值均<0.05)。体型消瘦或正常、户外活动时间充足和规律补充维生素 D 与儿童 VDD 均呈负相关 [ OR 值 ( OR 值 95% CI) 分 别为 0.68 (0.55~0.84), 0.57 (0.25~0.77), 0.62 (0.44~0.85), P 值均<0.05]。 结论 重庆市学龄前及学龄儿童 VDD 检出率 髙, 控制超重/肥胖、增加户外活动时间和口服维生素 D 制剂等群体防控策略可能改善维生素 D 缺乏情况。