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      Correlation between the ibopamine provocative test and the diurnal tension curve in glaucoma patients Translated title: Correlação entre o teste provocativo da ibopamina e a curva diurna de pressão intra-ocular em pacientes com glaucoma

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE: To correlate the ibopamine provocative test with the diurnal tension curve (highest intraocular pressure-IOP and range) in glaucoma. METHODS: This is a prospective case series including glaucoma patients from the Federal University of Goiás, Glaucoma Service. Two 2% ibopamine eyedrops were instilled into one or both eyes of each patient, 5 minutes apart. Intraocular pressure was checked before and 30 and 45 minutes after the second ibopamine instillation. Thereafter, the diurnal tension curve of each patient was assessed with five independent measurements (at every 2:30 hours), from 8:00 o'clock AM to 6:00 o'clock PM. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the linear relation between the intraocular pressure after the ibopamine instillation with the highest intraocular pressure value and the intraocular pressure range in the diurnal curve. RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes from 22 patients were included. There was a significant correlation between the intraocular pressure 30 and 45 minutes after ibopamine instillation and the highest intraocular pressure assessed in the diurnal curve (r=0.356, p=0.04 and r=0.429, p=0.01, respectively). However, no correlation between IOP after the use of ibopamine and the diurnal intraocular pressure range at 30 (r=0.046, p=0.8) and 45 minutes (r=0.109, p=0.5) was observed. CONCLUSION: The ibopamine provocative test shows a significant correlation with the highest intraocular pressure in the diurnal tension curve in glaucoma patients. However, no correlation was observed with the intraocular pressure range.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o teste provocativo da ibopamina com a curva diurna de pressão intra-ocular (Pio máxima e flutuação da mesma) em pacientes com glaucoma. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo incluindo pacientes com glaucoma provenientes do CEROF-UFG. Duas gotas de ibopamina a 2% foram instiladas em um ou ambos os olhos dos pacientes com intervalo de 5 minutos entre elas. A pressão intra-ocular foi checada antes, 30 e 45 minutos após a segunda gota de ibopamina. Após, a curva diurna de pressão intra-ocular foi realizada com 5 medidas independentes (a cada 2:30 horas) entre 8:00 e 18:00 horas. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para se testar a relação linear entre a pressão intra-ocular após o uso da ibopamina, a pressão intra-ocular máxima e a flutuação diurna da pressão intra-ocular. RESULTADOS: Trinta e um olhos de 22 pacientes foram incluídos. Notou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a Pio 30 e 45 minutos após a instilação da ibopamina e a máxima pressão intra-ocular obtida na curva diurna (r=0,356, p=0,04 e r=0,429, p=0,01, respectivamente). Entretanto, não foi observada correlação positiva com a flutuação diurna da pressão intra-ocular aos 30 (r=0,046, p=0,8) e 45 minutos (r=0,109, p=0,5). CONCLUSÃO: O teste provocativo da ibopamina apresentou alta correlação com a pressão intra-ocular máxima na curva diurna em pacientes com glaucoma. Entretanto, não foi notado relação linear direta com a flutuação diurna da pressão intra-ocular.

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          The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 7. The relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration.The AGIS Investigators.

          (2000)
          To investigate the association between control of intraocular pressure after surgical intervention for glaucoma and visual field deterioration. In the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study, eyes were randomly assigned to one of two sequences of glaucoma surgery, one beginning with argon laser trabeculoplasty and the other trabeculectomy. In the present article we examine the relationship between intraocular pressure and progression of visual field damage over 6 or more years of follow-up. In the first analysis, designated Predictive Analysis, we categorize 738 eyes into three groups based on intraocular pressure determinations over the first three 6-month follow-up visits. In the second analysis, designated Associative Analysis, we categorize 586 eyes into four groups based on the percent of 6-month visits over the first 6 follow-up years in which eyes presented with intraocular pressure less than 18 mm Hg. The outcome measure in both analyses is change from baseline in follow-up visual field defect score (range, 0 to 20 units). In the Predictive Analysis, eyes with early average intraocular pressure greater than 17.5 mm Hg had an estimated worsening during subsequent follow-up that was 1 unit of visual field defect score greater than eyes with average intraocular pressure less than 14 mm Hg (P =.002). This amount of worsening was greater at 7 years (1.89 units; P <.001) than at 2 years (0.64 units; P =.071). In the Associative Analysis, eyes with 100% of visits with intraocular pressure less than 18 mm Hg over 6 years had mean changes from baseline in visual field defect score close to zero during follow-up, whereas eyes with less than 50% of visits with intraocular pressure less than 18 mm Hg had an estimated worsening over follow-up of 0.63 units of visual field defect score (P =.083). This amount of worsening was greater at 7 years (1.93 units; P <.001) than at 2 years (0.25 units; P =.572). In both analyses low intraocular pressure is associated with reduced progression of visual field defect, supporting evidence from earlier studies of a protective role for low intraocular pressure in visual field deterioration.
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            The effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction in the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma. Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group.

            In a companion paper, we determined that intraocular pressure is part of the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma by analyzing the effect of a 30% intraocular pressure reduction on the subsequent course of the disease. We report an intent-to-treat analysis of the study data to determine the effectiveness of pressure reduction. One eligible eye of 145 subjects with normal-tension glaucoma was randomized either to no treatment (control) or to a 30% intraocular pressure reduction from baseline. To be eligible for randomization, the normal-tension glaucoma eyes had to show documented progression of field defects or a new disk hemorrhage or had to have field defects that threatened fixation when first presented for the study. Survival analysis compared time to progression of all randomly assigned patients during the course of follow-up from the initial baseline at randomization. In a separate analysis, data of patients developing cataracts were censored at the time that cataract produced 2 lines of Snellen visual acuity loss. Visual field progression occurred at indistinguishable rates in the pressure-lowered (22/66) and the untreated control (31/79) arms of the study (P = .21). In an analysis with data censored when cataract affected visual acuity, visual field progression was significantly more common in the untreated group (21/79) compared with the treated group (8/66). An overall survival analysis showed a survival of 80% in the treated arm and of 60% in the control arm at 3 years, and 80% in the treated arm and 40% in the controls at 5 years. The Kaplan-Meier curves were significantly different (P = .0018). The analyses gave different results because of a higher incidence of cataract in the group that underwent filtration surgery. The favorable effect of intraocular pressure reduction on progression of visual change in normal-tension glaucoma was only found when the impact of cataracts on visual field progression, produced largely by surgery, was removed. Lowering intraocular pressure without producing cataracts is beneficial. Because not all untreated patients progressed, the natural history of normal-tension glaucoma must be considered before embarking on intraocular pressure reduction with therapy apt to exacerbate cataract formation unless normal-tension glaucoma threatens serious visual loss.
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              Large diurnal fluctuations in intraocular pressure are an independent risk factor in patients with glaucoma.

              To study the risk associated with diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) variations in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Sixty-four patients (105 eyes) from the practices of two glaucoma specialists successfully performed home tonometry with a self-tonometer five times a day for 5 days. All patients had open-angle glaucoma and documented IOP below 25 mm Hg over a mean follow-up period of 5 years. Baseline status and time to progression of visual field loss were identified from the clinical charts. The level and variability of diurnal IOP obtained using home tonometry were characterized. Risk of progression was analyzed using a nonparametric time-to-event model, incorporating methods for correlated outcomes. Although mean home IOP and baseline office IOP were similar (16.4 +/- 3.6 mm Hg and 17.6 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, respectively), the average IOP range over the 5 days of home tonometry was 10.0 +/- 2.9 mm Hg. Baseline office IOP had no predictive value (relative hazard, 0.98). The diurnal IOP range and the IOP range over multiple days were significant risk factors for progression, even after adjusting for office IOP, age, race, gender, and visual field damage at baseline (relative hazards [95% confidence intervals], 5.69 [1.86, 17.35] and 5.76 [2.21, 14.98]). Eighty-eight percent of patients in the upper twenty-fifth percentile of IOP and 57% of patients in the lower twenty-fifth percentile progressed within 8 years. In patients with glaucoma with office IOP in the normal range, large fluctuations in diurnal IOP are a significant risk factor, independent of parameters obtained in the office. Fluctuations in IOP may be important in managing patients with glaucoma. Development of methods to control fluctuations in IOP may be warranted.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2749
                1678-2925
                August 2006
                : 69
                : 4
                : 477-480
                Affiliations
                [05] Goiânia GO orgnameUFG orgdiv1CEROF Brasil
                [01] Goiânia GO orgnameUniversidade Federal de Goiás orgdiv1Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia orgdiv2Setor de Glaucoma Brasil
                [06] Goiânia GO orgnameUFG orgdiv1CEROF Brasil
                [03] Goiânia GO orgnameUFG orgdiv1CEROF orgdiv2Setor de Glaucoma Brasil
                [02] Campinas SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Brasil
                [04] São José do Rio Preto SP orgnameSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São José do Rio Preto orgdiv1Setor de Glaucoma Brasil
                Article
                S0004-27492006000400004 S0004-2749(06)06900404
                10.1590/S0004-27492006000400004
                4e13d8cd-bfcf-4cf4-8bfd-bdeaee7ed2ed

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2005
                : 02 January 2006
                : 29 November 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Intraocular pressure,Circadian rhythm,Ophthalmic solutions,Glaucoma,Estudo comparativo,Ritmo circadiano,Agonistas de dopamina,Pressão intra-ocular,Dopamine agonists,Soluções oftálmicas,Comparative study

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