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      A taxonomic bibliography of the South American snakes of the Crotalus durissus complex (Serpentes, Viperidae)

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          Abstract

          A survey is made of the taxonomic literature on South American rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus, family Viperidae). Two main areas are emphasized: the attribution of the names proposed in the eighteenth century by Linnaeus and Laurenti, and the current scheme of division in subspecies. The attribution of names is examined based on the original descriptions and on relevant previous and contemporary literature. The presently adopted scheme, proposed by Klauber (1941, 1972) is found not entirely satisfactory, but reasonable enough - besides being hallowed by use. The scheme of geographical differentiation, intrinsically important and with broad practical implications (differentiation of the venom) is found to be the culmination of a long series of deficient analyses, and in urgent need of proper investigation.

          Translated abstract

          Fez-se um levantamento da literatura taxonômica sobre cascavéis sul americanas (gênero Crotalus, família Viperidae). Duas áreas mereceram especial atenção: a atribuição dos nomes propostos no século XVIII por Lineu e Laurenti, e o esquema correntemente adotado de diferenciação subespecífica. A atribuição de nomes é examinada com base nas descrições originais e na literatura anterior e contemporânea relevante. O esquema atualmente adotado, proposto inicialmente por Klauber (1941, 1972) é considerado não inteiramente satisfatório, mas suficientemente razoável, além de consagrado pelo uso. O esquema de diferenciação geográfica, importante em si mesmo e por suas conseqüências práticas (diferenciação geográfica do veneno) é considerado como a culminação de uma longa série de análises deficientes, e em urgente necessidade de investigação adequada.

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          Limitations in the assessment of dietary energy intake by self-report.

          Development of the doubly-labeled water method has made it possible to test the validity of dietary intake instruments for the measurement of energy intake. Comparisons of measured energy expenditure with energy intake from either weighed or estimated dietary records against energy expenditure have indicated that obese subjects, female endurance athletes, and adolescents underestimate habitual and actual energy intake. Individual underestimates of 50% are not uncommon. Even in non-obese adults, where bias is minimal, the standard deviation for individual errors in energy intake approaches 20%. Two investigations of the validity of self-reported dietary records for measuring change in dietary intake also indicate large underestimates of the actual change. Because of bias and imprecision, self-reported energy intakes should be interpreted with caution unless independent methods of assessing their validity are included in the experimental design.
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            Statistical methods for research workers.

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              International Code of Zoological Nornenclature

              (1999)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aabc
                Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.
                Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0001-3765
                1678-2690
                March 2002
                : 74
                : 1
                : 37-83
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Museu de Zoologia Brasil
                Article
                S0001-37652002000100005 S0001-3765(02)07400105
                10.1590/S0001-37652002000100005
                4e1a3bce-9050-469a-ba8e-fb0419f72f34

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 November 2001
                : 26 October 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 523, Pages: 47
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Biological Sciences

                Crotalus durissus,Viperidae,geographical differentidation,differentiation of the venom,diferenciação geográfica,diferenciação do veneno

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