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      FRECUENCIA DE HUEVOS DE Toxocara canis EN PARQUES PÚBLICOS DE MEXICALI, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO Translated title: FREQUENCY OF Toxocara canis EGGS IN PUBLIC PARKS OF MEXICALI, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio en 56 parques públicos de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California, México, con la finalidad de conocer el nivel de contaminación del suelo con huevos de Toxocara canis. La selección de parques fue aleatoria y la duración del muestreo para estimar la variabilidad de la contaminación respecto a las estaciones fue de un año. Las muestras de suelo fueron analizadas con la técnica de flotación con solución salina saturada. Se encontró que la frecuencia de parques contaminados fue de 54 % y que la contaminación especifica más frecuente por parásito se debió a Toxocara canis con 46.4 %, nivel menor en 16.1 % comparado con un estudio realizado en 2007. Asimismo, se encontraron otros parásitos como Ancylostoma caninum (5.3 %) y finalmente, en un solo parque, Spirocerca spp. y Strongylus spp. (1.78 %). La concentración de contaminación por huevos de T. canis fue de 1.6 huevos por 66 g de suelo, valor bajo en comparación con otros estudios en el país y el mundo; aún así, representa un riesgo para la salud pública local.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT A study was carried out in 56 public parks of the city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico to know the level of soil contamination by Toxocara canis eggs. The selection of parks was random and the duration of the sampling to estimate the variability of pollution with respect to the seasons was one year. The soil samples were analyzed using the flotation technique with saturated saline solution. It was found that the frequency of contaminated parks was 54 %, and specific contamination per parasite was found to be more frequent by Toxocara canis with 46.4 %, which was 16.1 % lower compared to a study carried out in 2007. Likewise, other parasite´s eggs like Ancylostoma caninum (5.3 %) were found, and one park was parasitized with Spirocerca spp. and Strongylus spp. (1.78 %). The contamination rate for T. canis eggs was 1.6 eggs per 66 g of soil, i.e., a low level of contamination compared to other studies in the country and in the world, even though it still represents a risk for public health.

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          Hookworms of dogs and cats as agents of cutaneous larva migrans.

          Dogs and cats are hosts to hookworms that may cause zoonotic disease, most notably, cutaneous larva migrans. Ancylostoma braziliense is most often implicated in dermatological lesions, and Ancylostoma caninum has been associated with eosinophilic enteritis and suggested as a possible cause of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in humans. Other manifestations include eosinophilic pneumonitis, localized myositis, folliculitis, erythema multiforme, or ophthalmological manifestations. Ancylostoma eggs are morphologically indistinguishable, which complicates epidemiological studies. Surveys of dermatologists, gastroenterologists, and ophthalmologists would help to define the incidence of these zoonotic infections. Improved diagnostic tests are needed to identify the causative species involved and understand the epidemiology of hookworm disease. This review describes the discovery of the disease, the biology of the agents, and how that biology may impact disease. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans.

            Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans is caused by the migration of animal hookworm larvae in the human skin. The disease mainly occurs in resource-poor communities in the developing world, but it is also reported sporadically in high-income countries and in tourists who have visited the tropics. Diagnosis is made clinically in the presence of a linear serpiginous track moving forward in the skin, associated with itching and a history of exposure. Itching is typically very intense and can prevent patients from sleeping. Bacterial superinfection occurs as a result of scratching. Treatment is based on oral drugs (albendazole or ivermectin) or the topical application of tiabendazole. To control hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans at the community level, regular treatment of dogs and cats with anthelmintic drugs is necessary, but this is seldom feasible in resource-poor settings. Animals should be banned from beaches and playgrounds. For protection at the individual level, unprotected skin should not come into contact with possibly contaminated soil.
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              Prevalence of dog intestinal parasites and risk perception of zoonotic infection by dog owners in São Paulo State, Brazil.

              Coprological examination was used to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray and domiciled dogs from Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Risk factors for dog infection were assessed in relation to demographic, husbandry and management data. The dog owners completed a questionnaire survey on some aspects of dog parasitism such as parasite species, mechanisms of infection, awareness of zoonotic diseases and history of anthelmintic usage. Parasites were found in the faeces of 138 dogs, with an overall prevalence of 54.3%. Dogs harbouring one parasite were more common (31.4%) than those harbouring two (18.5%), three (3.2%) or four (1.2%). The following parasites and their respective frequencies were detected: Ancylostoma (37.8%), Giardia (16.9%), Toxocara canis (8.7%), Trichuris vulpis (7.1%), Dipylidium caninum (2.4%), Isospora (3.5%), Cryptosporidium (3.1%) and Sarcocystis (2.7%). Stray dogs were found more likely to be poliparasitized (P 0.05). Except for Ancylostoma, that showed a significantly higher prevalence in dogs living in a multi-dog household (P<0.01), parasite prevalences were similar in single- and multi-dog household. The answers of dog owners to the questionnaire showed that the majority does not know the species of dog intestinal parasites, the mechanisms of transmission, the risk factors for zoonotic infections, and specific prophylactic measures. The predominance of zoonotic species in dogs in the studied region, associated with the elevated degree of misinformation of the owners, indicates that the risk of zoonotic infection by canine intestinal parasite may be high, even in one of the most developed regions of Brazil.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rica
                Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental
                Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient
                Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, UNAM (México, DF, Mexico )
                0188-4999
                2019
                : 35
                : 3
                : 589-595
                Affiliations
                [3] Mexicali Baja California orgnameSecretaría de Protección al Ambiente de Baja California México
                [2] Mexicali orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Baja California orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias Mexico
                [1] Mexicali orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Baja California orgdiv1Instituto de Ingeniería Mexico
                Article
                S0188-49992019000300589 S0188-4999(19)03500300589
                10.20937/rica.2019.35.03.06
                4e411b43-0d35-4e1b-9583-62160bb3740d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 September 2018
                : 01 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                perros,soil,suelo,helminthiasis,salud pública,dogs,helmintiasis,parásitos,parasites,public health

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