Utility of perfusion PET measures to assess neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease

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Abstract

Introduction

¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is commonly used to estimate neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we evaluate the utility of dynamic PET measures of perfusion using ¹¹C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) to estimate neuronal injury in comparison to FDG PET.

Methods

FDG, early frames of PiB images, and relative PiB delivery rate constants (PiB-R1) were obtained from 110 participants from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network. Voxelwise, regional cross-sectional, and longitudinal analyses were done to evaluate the correlation between images and estimate the relationship of the imaging biomarkers with estimated time to disease progression based on family history.

Results

Metabolism and perfusion images were spatially correlated. Regional PiB-R1 values and FDG, but not early frames of PiB images, significantly decreased in the mutation carriers with estimated year to onset and with increasing dementia severity.

Discussion

Hypometabolism estimated by PiB-R1 may provide a measure of brain perfusion without increasing radiation exposure.

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Most cited references 26

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Imaging beta-amyloid burden in aging and dementia.

C Rowe, S Ng, U. Ackermann … (2007)

To compare brain beta-amyloid (Abeta) burden measured with [(11)C]Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) PET in normal aging, Alzheimer disease (AD), and other dementias. Thirty-three subjects with dementia (17 AD, 10 dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB], 6 frontotemporal dementia [FTD]), 9 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 27 age-matched healthy control subjects (HCs) were studied. Abeta burden was quantified using PIB distribution volume ratio. Cortical PIB binding was markedly elevated in every AD subject regardless of disease severity, generally lower and more variable in DLB, and absent in FTD, whereas subjects with MCI presented either an "AD-like" (60%) or normal pattern. Binding was greatest in the precuneus/posterior cingulate, frontal cortex, and caudate nuclei, followed by lateral temporal and parietal cortex. Six HCs (22%) showed cortical uptake despite normal neuropsychological scores. PIB binding did not correlate with dementia severity in AD or DLB but was higher in subjects with an APOE-epsilon4 allele. In DLB, binding correlated inversely with the interval from onset of cognitive impairment to diagnosis. Pittsburgh Compound B PET findings match histopathologic reports of beta-amyloid (Abeta) distribution in aging and dementia. Noninvasive longitudinal studies to better understand the role of amyloid deposition in the course of neurodegeneration and to determine if Abeta deposition in nondemented subjects is preclinical AD are now feasible. Our findings also suggest that Abeta may influence the development of dementia with Lewy bodies, and therefore strategies to reduce Abeta may benefit this condition.

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Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain.

S Neil Vaishnavi, Andrei Vlassenko, Melissa Rundle … (2010)

Aerobic glycolysis is defined as glucose utilization in excess of that used for oxidative phosphorylation despite sufficient oxygen to completely metabolize glucose to carbon dioxide and water. Aerobic glycolysis is present in the normal human brain at rest and increases locally during increased neuronal activity; yet its many biological functions have received scant attention because of a prevailing energy-centric focus on the role of glucose as substrate for oxidative phosphorylation. As an initial step in redressing this neglect, we measured the regional distribution of aerobic glycolysis with positron emission tomography in 33 neurologically normal young adults at rest. We show that the distribution of aerobic glycolysis in the brain is differentially present in previously well-described functional areas. In particular, aerobic glycolysis is significantly elevated in medial and lateral parietal and prefrontal cortices. In contrast, the cerebellum and medial temporal lobes have levels of aerobic glycolysis significantly below the brain mean. The levels of aerobic glycolysis are not strictly related to the levels of brain energy metabolism. For example, sensory cortices exhibit high metabolic rates for glucose and oxygen consumption but low rates of aerobic glycolysis. These striking regional variations in aerobic glycolysis in the normal human brain provide an opportunity to explore how brain systems differentially use the diverse cell biology of glucose in support of their functional specializations in health and disease.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Yi Su

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Alzheimers Dement (Amst)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Alzheimers Dement (Amst)

Title: Alzheimer's & Dementia : Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2352-8729

Publication date PMC-release: 27 September 2018

Publication date Collection: 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 27 September 2018

Volume: 10

Pages: 669-677

Affiliations

[a ]Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA

[b ]Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA

[c ]Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA

[d ]Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA

[e ]Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

[f ]Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

[g ]Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA

[h ]Neuroscience Department Laboratories, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

[i ]Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

[j ]Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

[k ]Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

[l ]Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

[m ]Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

[n ]Laboratory of Neuroimaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +(602) 839 4851; Fax: +(602) 839 3498. yi.su@ 123456bannerhealth.com

Article

Publisher ID: S2352-8729(18)30064-2

DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.08.012

PMC ID: 6215983

PubMed ID: 30417072

SO-VID: 4e448f52-3b38-4024-b4a4-617610e012d3

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Utility of perfusion PET measures to assess neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease

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Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Related collections

Alternative approaches to Alzheimer's Disease

Most cited references 26

An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components.

Imaging beta-amyloid burden in aging and dementia.

Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain.

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