The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification system predicts clinical outcomes following intravenous thrombolysis: a prospective cohort study

Author(s): Yuling Yang ¹ , Anxin Wang ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ ^, ⁶ , Xingquan Zhao ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Chunxue Wang ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Liping Liu ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Huaguang Zheng ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Yongjun Wang ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Yibin Cao ⁷ , Yilong Wang ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 29 June 2016

Journal: Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

Keywords: acute ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis, OCSP classification, outcome, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage

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Abstract

Background

The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification system is a simple stroke classification system that can be used to predict clinical outcomes. In this study, we compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in Chinese stroke patients categorized using the OCSP classification system.

Patients and methods

We collected data from the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitoring of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China registry. A total of 1,115 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase within 4.5 hours of stroke onset were included. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), mortality, and 90-day functional outcomes were compared between the stroke patients with different stroke subtypes.

Results

Of the 1,115 patients included in the cohort, 197 (17.67%) were classified with total anterior circulation infarct (TACI), 700 (62.78%) with partial anterior circulation infarct, 153 (13.72%) with posterior circulation infarct, and 65 (5.83%) with lacunar infarct. After multivariable adjustment, compared to the patients with non-TACI, those with TACI had a significantly increased risk of SICH (odds ratio [OR] 8.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.84–27.25, P<0.001), higher mortality (OR 5.24; 95% CI 3.19–8.62; P<0.001), and poor functional independence (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.26–0.56; P<0.001) at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion

After thrombolysis, the patients with TACI exhibited greater SICH, a higher mortality rate, and worse 3-month clinical outcomes compared with the patients with non-TACI. The OCSP classification system may help clinicians predict the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis.

Most cited references 26

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Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction.

J. Bamford, P Sandercock, M. Dennis … (1991)

We describe the incidence and natural history of four clinically identifiable subgroups of cerebral infarction in a community-based study of 675 patients with first-ever stroke. Of 543 patients with a cerebral infarct, 92 (17%) had large anterior circulation infarcts with both cortical and subcortical involvement (total anterior circulation infarcts, TACI); 185 (34%) had more restricted and predominantly cortical infarcts (partial anterior circulation infarcts, PACI); 129 (24%) had infarcts clearly associated with the vertebrobasilar arterial territory (posterior circulation infarcts, POCI); and 137 (25%) had infarcts confined to the territory of the deep perforating arteries (lacunar infarcts, LACI). There were striking differences in natural history between the groups. The TACI group had a negligible chance of good functional outcome and mortality was high. More than twice as many deaths were due to the complications of immobility than to direct neurological sequelae of the infarct. Patients in the PACI group were much more likely to have an early recurrent stroke than were patients in other groups. Those in the POCI group were at greater risk of a recurrent stroke later in the first year after the index event but had the best chance of a good functional outcome. Despite the small anatomical size of the infarcts in the LACI group, many patients remained substantially handicapped. The findings have important implications for the planning of stroke treatment trials and suggest that various therapies could be directed specifically at the subgroups.

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Predicting the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke treated with intravenous alteplase: safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage risk score.

Nils Wahlgren, Gary Ford, Emma K Lees … (2012)

Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is a serious complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. We aimed to develop a clinical score that can easily be applied to predict the risk of SICH. We analyzed data from 31 627 patients treated with intravenous alteplase enrolled in the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. The outcome measure was SICH per the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) definition: a Type 2 parenchymal hemorrhage with deterioration in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥ 4 points or death. Univariate risk factors associated with the outcome were entered into a logistic regression model after stratification of continuous variables. Adjusted ORs for the independent risk factors were converted into points, which were summated to produce a risk score. We identified 9 independent risk factors for SICH: baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, serum glucose, systolic blood pressure, age, body weight, stroke onset to treatment time, aspirin or combined aspirin and clopidogrel, and history of hypertension. The overall rate of SICH was 1.8%. The risk score ranged from 0 to 12 points and showed a >70-fold graded increase in the rate of SICH for patients with a score ≥ 10 points (14.3%) compared with a score of 0 point (0.2%). The prognostic discriminating capability by C statistic was 0.70. The SITS SICH risk score predicts large cerebral parenchymal hemorrhages associated with severe clinical deterioration. The score could aid clinicians to identify patients at high as well as low risk of SICH after intravenous alteplase.

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Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale: SPAN-100.

Carol Johnston, Mathew Reeves, Gustavo Saposnik … (2013)

Age and stroke severity are major determinants of stroke outcomes, but systematically incorporating these prognosticators in the routine practice of acute ischemic stroke can be challenging. We evaluated the effect of an index combining age and stroke severity on response to IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) among patients in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) tPA stroke trials. We created the Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale (SPAN) index by combining age in years plus NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥100. We applied the SPAN-100 index to patients in the NINDS tPA stroke trials (parts I and II) to evaluate its ability to predict clinical response and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after thrombolysis. The main outcome measures included ICH (any type) and a composite favorable outcome (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1, NIHSS ≤1, Barthel index ≥95, and Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1) at 3 months. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between SPAN-100 and outcomes of interest. Among 624 patients in the NINDS trials, 62 (9.9%) participants were SPAN-100 positive. Among those receiving tPA, ICH rates were higher for SPAN-100-positive patients (42% vs 12% in SPAN-100-negative patients; p < 0.001); similarly, ICH rates were higher in SPAN-100-positive patients (19% vs 5%; p = 0.005) among those not receiving tPA. SPAN-100 was associated with worse outcomes. The benefit of tPA, defined as favorable composite outcome at 3 months, was present in SPAN-100-negative patients (55.4% vs 40.2%; p < 0.001), but not in SPAN-100-positive patients (5.6% tPA vs 3.9%; p = 0.76). Similar trends were found for secondary outcomes (e.g., symptomatic ICH, catastrophic outcome, discharge home). The SPAN-100 index could be a simple method for estimating the clinical response and risk of hemorrhagic complications after tPA for acute ischemic stroke. These results need further confirmation in larger contemporary datasets.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ther Clin Risk Manag

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ther Clin Risk Manag

Journal ID (publisher-id): Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management

Title: Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Print): 1176-6336

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-203X

Publication date Collection: 2016

Publication date (Electronic): 29 June 2016

Volume: 12

Pages: 1049-1056

Affiliations

[1 ]Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan

[2 ]Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University

[3 ]China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases

[4 ]Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders

[5 ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease

[6 ]Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing

[7 ]Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China

Author notes

Correspondence: Yilong Wang, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 010 6709 8222, Fax +86 10 6709 8351, Email yilong528@ 123456gmail.com

Yibin Cao, Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No 27 Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province 063000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0315 230 5068, Fax +86 315 281 4801, Email yibin07@ 123456sina.com

[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work

Article

Publisher ID: tcrm-12-1049

DOI: 10.2147/TCRM.S107053

PMC ID: 4935162

PubMed ID: 27418829

SO-VID: 4e460e8e-10dc-4c2d-bf82-cf04fdb6725c

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The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification system predicts clinical outcomes following intravenous thrombolysis: a prospective cohort study

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Patients and methods

Results

Conclusion

Most cited references 26

Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction.

Predicting the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke treated with intravenous alteplase: safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage risk score.

Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale: SPAN-100.

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