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      Veränderungen im LPS-Muster von E.coli Shigella durch cld pHS-2

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          Abstract

          Bei neun von vierzehn Serogruppen der Subspezies E. coli Flexneri (SF) konnte ein pHS-2-Plasmid nachgewiesen werden. Es besteht eine positive Korrelation zwischen pHS-2-positiven SF und dem Auftreten einer Reaktiven Arthritis, eine Komplikation der bakteriellen Ruhr. Verschiedene Autoren führen das gehäufte Auftreten der Reaktiven Arthritis bei pHS-2-positiven SF auf eine erhöhte Serumresistenz zurück, die den Bakterien durch das cld(pHS-2)-Gen vermittelt wird. Das cld(pHS-2)-Gen als längstes aller 18 "open reading frames" auf dem pHS-2-Plasmid kodiert für ein 35 kD großes Protein, das aufgrund seiner Funktion als "chain length determinant" (Cld(pHS-2)) bezeichnet wurde. Cld(pHS-2) ist maßgeblich an der Produktion von Lipopolysacchariden vom VL-Typ beteiligt. LPS vom VL-Typ produzieren O-Seitenketten mit mehr als 70 bis 80 Oligosaccharideinheiten und sollen die bakterielle Membran vor einer Komplementbindung und Serum-Antikörpern schützen, wodurch den Bakterien eine erhöhte Serumresistenz vermittelt werde. In dieser Arbeit wurde cld(pHS-2) in einen pHS-2-negativen Stamm der SF Serogruppe 6 integriert, um nachzuweisen, dass cld(pHS-2) das LPS-Muster pHS-2-negativer SF in charakteristischer Weise modifiziert. Während der Expressionsnachweis von cld(pHS-2) als Einzelprotein misslang, war eine Expression von cld(pHS-2) als Fusionsprotein in SF Serogruppe 6 erfolgreich. Im Vergleich zu pHS-2-negativen SF war unsere SF Serogruppe 6-Mutante nun in der Lage, LPS vom VL-Typ in Form einer zusätzlichen Bande mit ca. 80 Oligosaccharideinheiten zu produzieren. Diese phänotypische Veränderung war zwar nur gering ausgeprägt, konnte jedoch den spezifischen Einfluss von cld(pHS-2) als Fusionsprotein auf das LPS-Muster pHS-2-negativer SF nachweisen.

          Abstract

          In nine out of fourteen serogroups of E. Coli Flexneri (SF) a pHS-2 plasmid has been isolated. There is a positive correlation between pHS-2-positive SF and the occurence of reactive arthritis (ReA) which is a complication of bacterial dysentery. Different authors reduce the widespread appearance of ReA by pHS-2-positive SF to an increased serum resistance caused by a cld(pHS-2)-gene. The cld(pHS-2)-gene ist the longest of 18 open reading frames in pHS-2 and it is the coding for a 35 kD protein which has been identified as a chain length determinant because of its function. Cld(pHS-2) plays a decisive role in the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the VL-type. LPS of the VL-type produce O antigen with more than 70-80 repeat units, and protect the bacterial outer membrane from complement factors and serum antibodies by a higher serum resistance. In this research the cld(pHS-2)-gene was integrated in a pHS-2-negative SF serogroup 6 to prove that cld(pHS-2) is able to modify the LPS pattern (destribution) of pHS-2-negative SF in a characteristic manner. The expression of cld(pHS-2) in SF serogroup 6 as an isolated protein failed, but the expression of cld(pHS-2) as a fusion protein was successful. In contrast to the pHS-2-negative SF our SF serogroup 6 mutant was able to produce LPS of the VL-type with 80-90 repeat units. Despite the slight effect, a specific influence of cld(pHS-2) as a fusion protein on LPS pattern and the bacterial phaenotype has to be confirmed.

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          Most cited references57

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          A 31-kb fragment of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri is necessary for bacterial entry into epithelial cells in vitro. One locus of this fragment encodes the IpaA, -B, -C, and -D proteins, which are the dominant antigens of the humoral immune response during shigellosis. To address the role of the ipa genes, which are clustered in an operon, we constructed a selectable cassette that does not affect transcription of downstream genes and used this cassette to inactivate the ipaB, ipaC, and ipaD genes. Each of these nonpolar mutants was defective in entry and lysis of the phagocytic vacuole but was not impaired in adhesion to the cells. We showed that, like IpaB and IpaC, IpaD is secreted into the culture supernatant and that none of these proteins is necessary for secretion of the other two. This result differentiates the Ipa proteins, which direct the entry process, from the Mxi and Spa proteins, which direct secretion of the Ipa proteins. Moreover, lack of either IpaB or IpaD resulted in the release of larger amounts of the other Ipa polypeptides into the culture medium, which indicates that, in addition to their role in invasion, IpaB and IpaD are each involved in the maintenance of the association of the Ipa proteins with the bacterium.
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              Proteases and their targets in Escherichia coli.

              Proteolysis in Escherichia coli serves to rid the cell of abnormal and misfolded proteins and to limit the time and amounts of availability of critical regulatory proteins. Most intracellular proteolysis is initiated by energy-dependent proteases, including Lon, ClpXP, and HflB; HflB is the only essential E. coli protease. The ATPase domains of these proteases mediate substrate recognition. Recognition elements in target are not well defined, but are probably not specific amino acid sequences. Naturally unstable protein substrates include the regulatory sigma factors for heat shock and stationary phase gene expression, sigma 32 and RpoS. Other cellular proteins serve as environmental sensors that modulate the availability of the unstable proteins to the proteases, resulting in rapid changes in sigma factor levels and therefore in gene transcription. Many of the specific proteases found in E. coli are well-conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and serve critical functions in developmental systems.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, Humboldt-Universität (kvv )
                7 June 2006
                Article
                oai:HUBerlin.de:27194
                4e4f3dbb-8b51-4a9b-9bf2-73545a69ea2c
                History

                XD 5004,Shigella,repeat units,LPS pattern,XD 5021,YD 2704,YD 2721,Cld(pHS-2),Medizin,E. coli Flexneri,Oligosaccharideinheiten,LPS-Muster

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