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      Cross-National Time Trends in Adolescent Mental Well-Being From 2002 to 2018 and the Explanatory Role of Schoolwork Pressure

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Previous research has shown inconsistent time trends in adolescent mental well-being, but potential underlying mechanisms for such trends are yet to be examined. This study investigates cross-national time trends in adolescent mental well-being (psychosomatic health complaints and life satisfaction) in mainly European countries and the extent to which time trends in schoolwork pressure explain these trends.

          Methods

          Data from 915,054 adolescents from 36 countries (50.8% girls; mean age = 13.54; standard deviation age = 1.63) across five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018) were included in the analyses. Hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. We also tested whether schoolwork pressure could explain these trends in mental well-being.

          Results

          A small linear increase over time in psychosomatic complaints and schoolwork pressure was found. No change in life satisfaction emerged. Furthermore, there was large cross-country variation in the prevalence of, and trends over time in, adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. Overall, declines in well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure were apparent in the higher income countries. Across countries, the small increase in schoolwork pressure over time partly explained the increase in psychosomatic health complaints.

          Conclusions

          Our findings do not provide evidence for substantial declines in mental well-being among adolescents. Yet, the small increase in mental well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure appear to be quite consistent across high-income countries. This calls for the attention of public health professionals and policy-makers. Country differences in trends in both adolescent mental well-being outcomes and schoolwork pressure were considerable, which requires caution regarding the cross-national generalization of national trends.

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          Most cited references57

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          Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

          <p><b>The reissue of a classic work, now with a foreword by Daniel Goleman!</b><p>Here is a monumental work that continues in the tradition pioneered by co-author Richard Lazarus in his classic book <i>Psychological Stress and the Coping Process</i>. Dr. Lazarus and his collaborator, Dr. Susan Folkman, present here a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping which have become major themes of theory and investigation.</p> <p>As an integrative theoretical analysis, this volume pulls together two decades of research and thought on issues in behavioral medicine, emotion, stress management, treatment, and life span development. A selective review of the most pertinent literature is included in each chapter. The total reference listing for the book extends to 60 pages.</p> <p>This work is necessarily multidisciplinary, reflecting the many dimensions of stress-related problems and their situation within a complex social context. While the emphasis is on psychological aspects of stress, the book is oriented towards professionals in various disciplines, as well as advanced students and educated laypersons. The intended audience ranges from psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, nurses, and social workers to sociologists, anthropologists, medical researchers, and physiologists.</p>
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            Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit

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              Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Adolesc Health
                J Adolesc Health
                The Journal of Adolescent Health
                Elsevier
                1054-139X
                1879-1972
                1 June 2020
                June 2020
                : 66
                : 6 Suppl
                : S50-S58
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
                [b ]Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
                [c ]Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
                [d ]Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Western University, London, Canada
                [e ]Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
                [f ]Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
                [g ]Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
                [h ]Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
                [i ]Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
                [j ]Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, Luxembourg University, Luxembourg
                [k ]MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
                [l ]School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                []Address correspondence to: Alina Cosma, Ph.D., Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic. alina.cosma@ 123456hbsc.org
                Article
                S1054-139X(20)30079-3
                10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.010
                8131201
                32446609
                4e6b3e9a-fb51-4f8f-be0e-aebbda221347
                © 2020 The Author(s)

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 4 October 2019
                : 7 February 2020
                Categories
                Original Article

                Health & Social care
                mental health,mental well-being,well-being,adolescent,adolescence,trends,schoolwork pressure,life satisfaction,psychosomatic health complaints,country variation,cross-national,multilevel analysis,hbsc

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