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      Preparation, Properties, and Applications of Graphene-Based Hydrogels

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          Abstract

          As a new carbon-based nanomaterial, graphene has exhibited unique advantages in significantly improving the combination properties of traditional polymer hydrogels. The specific properties of graphene, such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, have made graphene not only a gelator to self-assemble into the graphene-based hydrogels (GBH) with extraordinary electromechanical performance, but also a filler to blend with small molecules and macromolecules for the preparation of multifunctional GBH. It fully exploits the practical applications of traditional hydrogels. This review summarizes the preparation methods, properties, and the applications of GBH. Further developments and challenges of GBH are also prospected.

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          Most cited references28

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          Graphene: Status and Prospects

          A. K. Geim (2010)
          Graphene is a wonder material with many superlatives to its name. It is the thinnest material in the universe and the strongest ever measured. Its charge carriers exhibit giant intrinsic mobility, have the smallest effective mass (it is zero) and can travel micrometer-long distances without scattering at room temperature. Graphene can sustain current densities 6 orders higher than copper, shows record thermal conductivity and stiffness, is impermeable to gases and reconciles such conflicting qualities as brittleness and ductility. Electron transport in graphene is described by a Dirac-like equation, which allows the investigation of relativistic quantum phenomena in a bench-top experiment. What are other surprises that graphene keeps in store for us? This review analyses recent trends in graphene research and applications, and attempts to identify future directions in which the field is likely to develop.
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            Graphene oxide dispersions in organic solvents.

            The dispersion behavior of graphene oxide in different organic solvents has been investigated. As-prepared graphite oxide could be dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, and ethylene glycol. In all of these solvents, full exfoliation of the graphite oxide material into individual, single-layer graphene oxide sheets was achieved by sonication. The graphene oxide dispersions exhibited long-term stability and were made of sheets between a few hundred nanometers and a few micrometers large, similar to the case of graphene oxide dispersions in water. These results should facilitate the manipulation and processing of graphene-based materials for different applications.
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              Hydraulic hydrogel actuators and robots optically and sonically camouflaged in water

              Sea animals such as leptocephali develop tissues and organs composed of active transparent hydrogels to achieve agile motions and natural camouflage in water. Hydrogel-based actuators that can imitate the capabilities of leptocephali will enable new applications in diverse fields. However, existing hydrogel actuators, mostly osmotic-driven, are intrinsically low-speed and/or low-force; and their camouflage capabilities have not been explored. Here we show that hydraulic actuations of hydrogels with designed structures and properties can give soft actuators and robots that are high-speed, high-force, and optically and sonically camouflaged in water. The hydrogel actuators and robots can maintain their robustness and functionality over multiple cycles of actuations, owing to the anti-fatigue property of the hydrogel under moderate stresses. We further demonstrate that the agile and transparent hydrogel actuators and robots perform extraordinary functions including swimming, kicking rubber-balls and even catching a live fish in water.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Chem
                Front Chem
                Front. Chem.
                Frontiers in Chemistry
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-2646
                01 October 2018
                2018
                : 6
                : 450
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
                [2] 2School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing, China
                [3] 3Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China , Chengdu, China
                [4] 4Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Weifeng Zhao, Sichuan University, China

                Reviewed by: Chengbiao Yang, Wayne State University, United States; Shengqiang Nie, Guiyang University, China

                *Correspondence: Zhou Chen zchen6240@ 123456njtech.edu.cn

                This article was submitted to Polymer Chemistry, a section of the journal Frontiers in Chemistry

                Article
                10.3389/fchem.2018.00450
                6174303
                30327765
                4ebb135f-b79a-400b-a136-3f7254aebbb7
                Copyright © 2018 Liao, Hu, Chen, Zhang, Wang and Kuang.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 31 July 2018
                : 07 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 5, Words: 3252
                Categories
                Chemistry
                Mini Review

                graphene,graphene oxide,hydrogels,applications,preparation
                graphene, graphene oxide, hydrogels, applications, preparation

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