The increasing incidence of stroke has resulted in the establishment of secondary stroke prevention clinics. Such clinics have successfully reduced wait-to-treatment times for individuals diagnosed with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. In addition to improving access to consultation, diagnosis, and treatment, healthcare clinics need to implement behavioral risk-reduction programs tailored to older adults to help them better adhere to treatment regimens. The integration of two social-psychological theories--(a) self-efficacy and (b) selection, optimization, and compensation-provide the foundation for an approach that could lead to the development of evidence-based behavioral risk-reduction programs for older adults at high risk of stroke.