Multiple desmoid tumors in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis caused by the novel W421X mutation

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Abstract

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomas and is responsible for less than 1% of all colorectal cancers. The syndrome is also characterized by extra-colorectal features including amongst others upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and desmoid tumors. The syndrome is inherited by an autosomal dominant gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We present the physical history, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a novel germline APC mutation, the W421X mutation, which resulted in FAP presenting with about a hundred colorectal polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps and multiple aggressive intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors.

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Colorectal polyposes: from phenotype to diagnosis.

Jeremy Jass (2007)

The colorectal polyposes are uncommon and frequently present diagnostic difficulties. Although the final diagnostic arbiter is the demonstration of a germline mutation, this may not always be demonstrable, and some forms of colorectal polyposis have no known genetic basis. Therefore, an accurate description of the phenotype by the pathologist is central to the establishment of a working diagnosis. This can direct the search for the underlying genetic cause (if any) and is also essential for establishing the magnitude of risk of colorectal malignancy for the patient and the patient's relatives. The pathologist may be provided with only a small and selected sample of endoscopically resected polyps or with prodigious numbers of polyps (too many to sample) when receiving a surgical specimen. Each type of polyposis presents its own particular diagnostic problems that may relate to polyp numbers, gross recognition of small or flat polyps, incomplete development of the full phenotype at the stage of investigation, and the histological classification of unusual or mixed polyps. The aim of this review is to highlight the principles and pitfalls in achieving a comprehensive description of the various types of colorectal polyposis, including classical FAP, attenuated FAP, MUTYH- (formerly MYH-) associated polyposis (MAP), other presentations of multiple adenomas, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (P-JS), juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), Cowden syndrome (CS), hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS), and hyperplastic polyposis syndrome (HPS).

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Response of imatinib-resistant extra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis to sunitinib: case report and review of the literature on response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

D R Clohisy, Keith M Skubitz, J Carlos Manivel … (2009)

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is usually a slowly growing locally invasive tumor, but may exhibit a much more aggressive phenotype. The role of chemotherapy in AF is not well defined, but can be useful in some cases. We examined the response of a case to both imatinib and sunitinib. We report a case of an aggressive multicentric extra-abdominal AF that was responsive to sunitinib, but resistant to imatinib. A 23-year-old woman developed painful multifocal AF of both legs and gluteal muscles that progressed after surgery and treatment with methotrexate/vinblastine and pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin. She received six cycles of ifosfamide/etoposide (IMV), and obtained a good response with elimination of pain. After 5 months, she developed progression and again received six cycles of IMV, with cessation of symptoms. After 13 months, tumors recurred. Although the AF was symptomatic and progressing, she was hesitant to receive chemotherapy and began treatment with sunitinib 50 mg/day for 28 days of a 42-day cycle. At 4 months, she could walk on her heels without pain. After 13 months of sunitinib, therapy was changed to imatinib 400 mg/day; after 7 days she noticed increasing pain in the AF lesions and decreased knee flexibility. Imatinib was continued, but after 2 months of imatinib, she could only walk a few steps due to pain. Sunitinib was reinstituted at 37.5 mg/day and symptoms improved within 1.5 weeks, with a marked reduction of symptoms at 1 month. She was doing well with a normal activity level, 32 months after initially beginning sunitinib. We conclude that sunitinib may be useful in some cases of AF.