Violencia en las escuelas del Distrito Federal: la experiencia de la Unidad para la Atención al Maltrato y Abuso Sexual Infantil, 2001-2007

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Abstract

Este artículo analiza el caso de la Unidad para la Atención al Maltrato y Abuso Sexual Infantil (UAMASI), entidad encargada de atender las quejas de violencia escolar que ocurren en las escuelas del Distrito Federal. Luego de estudiar el funcionamiento institucional de la dependencia, se exponen las tendencias de las denuncias atendidas a partir de cinco variables: ciclo escolar, delegación, turno y nivel educativo del plantel del cual proviene la denuncia, así como el motivo que la generó. Lo anterior, con base en la información de tres mil 242 quejas interpuestas de 2001 a 2007. Al final se hace un diagnóstico general de la experiencia institucional de la UAMASI y se interpretan las principales tendencias de las quejas interpuestas.

Translated abstract

This article analyzes the case of the Child Abuse Treatment Unit, the entity responsible for dealing with complaints of violence in Mexico City schools. After studying the organization's institutional functioning, the paper describes trends in complaints, based on five variables: school year, city borough, morning or afternoon shift at school, grade, and the reason behind the complaint. The description uses information from 3,242 complaints filed from 2001 to 2007. A general diagnosis is made of the Unit's institutional experience, and the main tendencies involving complaints are interpreted.

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The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: a meta-analysis of recidivism studies.

R Karl Hanson, Kelly Morton-Bourgon (2005)

A meta-analysis of 82 recidivism studies (1,620 findings from 29,450 sexual offenders) identified deviant sexual preferences and antisocial orientation as the major predictors of sexual recidivism for both adult and adolescent sexual offenders. Antisocial orientation was the major predictor of violent recidivism and general (any) recidivism. The review also identified some dynamic risk factors that have the potential of being useful treatment targets (e.g., sexual preoccupations, general self-regulation problems). Many of the variables commonly addressed in sex offender treatment programs (e.g., psychological distress, denial of sex crime, victim empathy, stated motivation for treatment) had little or no relationship with sexual or violent recidivism.

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Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes.

David M. Fergusson, J. Boden, L John Horwood (2007)

This paper examined the relationship between exposure to sexual and physical abuse (CSA and CPA) in childhood and later educational achievement outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood in a birth cohort of over 1,000 children studied to age 25. Retrospective data on CSA and CPA were gathered at ages 18 and 21 and used to form a best estimate of exposure to CSA and CPA. The relationship between CSA, CPA, and self-reported educational outcomes to 25 years was examined using logistic regression models that took into account social background, parental factors, and individual factors. Increasing exposure to CSA and CPA was significantly associated with failing to achieve secondary school qualifications (CSA: B=.53, SE=.13, p<.0001; CPA: B=.62, SE=.12, p<.0001), gaining a Higher School Certificate (CSA: B=-.48, SE=.13, p<.001; CPA: B=-.78, SE=.14, p<.001), attending university (CSA: B=-.29, SE=.13, p<.05; CPA: B=-.45, SE=.13, p<.001), and gaining a university degree (CSA: B=-.54, SE=.18, p<.005; CPA: B=-.64, SE=.17, p<.001). Adjustment for confounding social, parental, and individual factors explained most of these associations. After control for confounding factors, omnibus tests of the associations between CSA and outcomes and CPA and outcomes failed to reach statistical significance (CSA: Wald chi(2) (4)=7.72, p=.10; CPA: Wald chi(2) (4)=8.26, p=.08). The effects of exposure to CSA and CPA on later educational achievement outcomes are largely explained by the social, family, and individual context within which exposure to abuse takes place.