Associations of personality traits with internet addiction in Chinese medical students: the mediating role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms

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Abstract

Background

Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a public health concern, particularly among adolescents and young adults. However, few studies have been conducted in medical students. This multi-center study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IA in Chinese medical students, to examine the associations of big five personality traits with IA in the population, and to explore the possible mediating role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the relationship.

Methods

Self-reported questionnaires, including Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Big Five Inventory (BFI), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 (ASRS-V1.1) Screener, and socio-demographic section were distributed to clinical students at 3 medical schools in China. A total of 1264 students became the final subjects.

Results

The overall prevalence of IA among Chinese medical students was 44.7% (IAT > 30), and 9.2% of the students demonstrated moderate or severe IA (IAT ≥ 50). After adjustment for covariates, while conscientiousness and agreeableness were negatively associated with IA, neuroticism was positively associated with it. ADHD symptoms mediated the associations of conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism with IA.

Conclusion

The prevalence of IA among Chinese medical students is high. Both personality traits and ADHD symptoms should be considered when tailored intervention strategies are designed to prevent and reduce IA in medical students.

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Most cited references 52

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Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students.

Liselotte Dyrbye, Raju Thomas, Tait Shanafelt (2006)

To systematically review articles reporting on depression, anxiety, and burnout among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Medline and PubMed were searched to identify peer-reviewed English-language studies published between January 1980 and May 2005 reporting on depression, anxiety, and burnout among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Searches used combinations of the Medical Subject Heading terms medical student and depression, depressive disorder major, depressive disorder, professional burnout, mental health, depersonalization, distress, anxiety, or emotional exhaustion. Reference lists of retrieved articles were inspected to identify relevant additional articles. Demographic information, instruments used, prevalence data on student distress, and statistically significant associations were abstracted. The search identified 40 articles on medical student psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, burnout, and related mental health problems) that met the authors' criteria. No studies of burnout among medical students were identified. The studies suggest a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among medical students, with levels of overall psychological distress consistently higher than in the general population and age-matched peers by the later years of training. Overall, the studies suggest psychological distress may be higher among female students. Limited data were available regarding the causes of student distress and its impact on academic performance, dropout rates, and professional development. Medical school is a time of significant psychological distress for physicians-in-training. Currently available information is insufficient to draw firm conclusions on the causes and consequences of student distress. Large, prospective, multicenter studies are needed to identify personal and training-related features that influence depression, anxiety, and burnout among students and explore relationships between distress and competency.

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The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population.

Ronald C Kessler, Lenard Adler, Minnie Ames … (2005)

A self-report screening scale of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was developed in conjunction with revision of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The current report presents data on concordance of the ASRS and of a short-form ASRS screener with blind clinical diagnoses in a community sample. The ASRS includes 18 questions about frequency of recent DSM-IV Criterion A symptoms of adult ADHD. The ASRS screener consists of six out of these 18 questions that were selected based on stepwise logistic regression to optimize concordance with the clinical classification. ASRS responses were compared to blind clinical ratings of DSM-IV adult ADHD in a sample of 154 respondents who previously participated in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), oversampling those who reported childhood ADHD and adult persistence. Each ASRS symptom measure was significantly related to the comparable clinical symptom rating, but varied substantially in concordance (Cohen's kappa in the range 0.16-0.81). Optimal scoring to predict clinical syndrome classifications was to sum unweighted dichotomous responses across all 18 ASRS questions. However, because of the wide variation in symptom-level concordance, the unweighted six-question ASRS screener outperformed the unweighted 18-question ASRS in sensitivity (68.7% v. 56.3%), specificity (99.5% v. 98.3%), total classification accuracy (97.9% v. 96.2%), and kappa (0.76 v. 0.58). Clinical calibration in larger samples might show that a weighted version of the 18-question ASRS outperforms the six-question ASRS screener. Until that time, however, the unweighted screener should be preferred to the full ASRS, both in community surveys and in clinical outreach and case-finding initiatives.

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Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes.

F. Xavier Castellanos, Rosemary Tannock (2002)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Meng Shi:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-4293

mshi@cmu.edu.cn

Tian Jiao Du: tjdu@cmu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Psychiatry

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Psychiatry

Title: BMC Psychiatry

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-244X

Publication date (Electronic): 17 June 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 17 June 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 183

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9678 1884, GRID grid.412449.e, Department of English, School of Fundamental Sciences, , China Medical University, ; 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North Development Zone, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9678 1884, GRID grid.412449.e, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, , China Medical University, ; 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North Development Zone, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China

Author information

Meng Shi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-4293

Article

Publisher ID: 2173

DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2173-9

PMC ID: 6580606

PubMed ID: 31208378

SO-VID: 4ef91621-64a0-49c3-8ea4-17b6354787ee

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 9 February 2019

Date accepted : 5 June 2019

Funding

Funded by: China Medical University

Award ID: YDJK2018008

Award Recipient : Meng Shi

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007300, China Medical University;

Award ID: 3110118063

Award Recipient : Meng Shi

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007620, Department of Education of Liaoning Province;

Award ID: 2018-387

Award ID: LQNR201705

Award Recipient : Meng Shi Tian Jiao Du

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

Keywords: personality traits,internet addiction, adhd symptoms,medical students

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

Keywords: personality traits, internet addiction, adhd symptoms, medical students

Associations of personality traits with internet addiction in Chinese medical students: the mediating role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms

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Most cited references 52

Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students.

The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population.

Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes.

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