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      Prolonged in vivo functional assessment of the mouse oviduct using optical coherence tomography through a dorsal imaging window

      1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1
      Journal of Biophotonics
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P1">The oviduct (or fallopian tube) serves as an environment for gamete transport, fertilization, and preimplantation embryo development in mammals. Although there has been increasing evidence linking infertility with disrupted oviduct function, the specific roles that the oviduct plays in both normal and impaired reproductive processes remain unclear. The mouse is an important mammalian model to study human reproduction. However, most of the current analyses of the mouse oviduct rely on static histology or 2D visualization, and are unable to provide dynamic and volumetric characterization of this organ. The lack of imaging access prevents longitudinal live analysis of the oviduct and its associated reproductive events, limiting the understanding of mechanistic aspects of fertilization and preimplantation pregnancy. To address this limitation, we report a 3D imaging approach that enables prolonged functional assessment of the mouse oviduct <i>in vivo</i>. By combining optical coherence tomography with a dorsal imaging window, this method allows for extended volumetric visualization of the oviduct dynamics, which was previously not achievable. The approach is used for quantitative analysis of oviduct contraction, spatiotemporal characterization of cilia beat frequency, and longitudinal imaging. This new approach is a useful <i>in vivo</i> imaging platform for a variety of live studies in mammalian reproduction. </p><p id="P2"> <div class="fig panel" id="F8"> <a class="named-anchor" id="F8"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <div class="figure-container so-text-align-c"> <img alt="" class="figure" src="/document_file/648f8b27-8c1c-4469-8f52-b41e6c642ffe/PubMedCentral/image/nihms942430f8"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"> <div class="caption" id="d3363639e150"> <p class="first" id="P3">Optical coherence tomography through a dorsal imaging window allows for prolonged volumetric analysis of oviduct dynamics and function in the mouse <i>in vivo</i>. </p> </div> </div> </div> </p><p id="P4">In mammals, a life starts in the oviduct, where a series of reproductive events take place to reach successful pregnancy. It is critical to study the mammalian oviductal function in its native context, which is not possible using existing imaging approaches. Here, we present <i>in vivo</i> optical coherence tomography of the mouse oviduct through a dorsal imaging window, enabling prolonged functional and quantitative assessment that were previously not feasible. </p><p id="P5"> <div class="figure-container so-text-align-c"> <img alt="" class="figure" src="/document_file/648f8b27-8c1c-4469-8f52-b41e6c642ffe/PubMedCentral/image/nihms942430u1.jpg"/> </div> </p>

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          Most cited references32

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          Optical coherence tomography based angiography [Invited].

          Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based angiography (OCTA) provides in vivo, three-dimensional vascular information by the use of flowing red blood cells as intrinsic contrast agents, enabling the visualization of functional vessel networks within microcirculatory tissue beds non-invasively, without a need of dye injection. Because of these attributes, OCTA has been rapidly translated to clinical ophthalmology within a short period of time in the development. Various OCTA algorithms have been developed to detect the functional micro-vasculatures in vivo by utilizing different components of OCT signals, including phase-signal-based OCTA, intensity-signal-based OCTA and complex-signal-based OCTA. All these algorithms have shown, in one way or another, their clinical values in revealing micro-vasculatures in biological tissues in vivo, identifying abnormal vascular networks or vessel impairment zones in retinal and skin pathologies, detecting vessel patterns and angiogenesis in eyes with age-related macular degeneration and in skin and brain with tumors, and monitoring responses to hypoxia in the brain tissue. The purpose of this paper is to provide a technical oriented overview of the OCTA developments and their potential pre-clinical and clinical applications, and to shed some lights on its future perspectives. Because of its clinical translation to ophthalmology, this review intentionally places a slightly more weight on ophthalmic OCT angiography.
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            Intravital microscopy through an abdominal imaging window reveals a pre-micrometastasis stage during liver metastasis.

            Cell dynamics in subcutaneous and breast tumors can be studied through conventional imaging windows with intravital microscopy. By contrast, visualization of the formation of metastasis has been hampered by the lack of long-term imaging windows for metastasis-prone organs, such as the liver. We developed an abdominal imaging window (AIW) to visualize distinct biological processes in the spleen, kidney, small intestine, pancreas, and liver. The AIW can be used to visualize processes for up to 1 month, as we demonstrate with islet cell transplantation. Furthermore, we have used the AIW to image the single steps of metastasis formation in the liver over the course of 14 days. We observed that single extravasated tumor cells proliferated to form "pre-micrometastases," in which cells lacked contact with neighboring tumor cells and were active and motile within the confined region of the growing clone. The clones then condensed into micrometastases where cell migration was strongly diminished but proliferation continued. Moreover, the metastatic load was reduced by suppressing tumor cell migration in the pre-micrometastases. We suggest that tumor cell migration within pre-micrometastases is a contributing step that can be targeted therapeutically during liver metastasis formation.
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              Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development.

              Animal oviducts and human Fallopian tubes are a part of the female reproductive tract that hosts fertilization and pre-implantation development of the embryo. With an increasing understanding of roles of the oviduct at the cellular and molecular levels, current research signifies the importance of the oviduct on naturally conceived fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. This review highlights the physiological conditions within the oviduct during fertilization, environmental regulation, oviductal fluid composition and its role in protecting embryos and supplying nutrients. Finally, the review compares different aspects of naturally occurring fertilization and assisted reproductive technology (ART)-achieved fertilization and embryo development, giving insight into potential areas for improvement in this technology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Biophotonics
                J. Biophotonics
                Wiley
                1864063X
                May 2018
                May 2018
                February 08 2018
                : 11
                : 5
                : e201700316
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
                [2 ]Department of Bioengineering; Rice University; Houston Texas
                Article
                10.1002/jbio.201700316
                5945336
                29359853
                4f16d3b2-5c36-456e-859c-75bfe67b5936
                © 2018

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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